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history

The following is a short history of Study Group 17 and the related X-series and Z-series of Recommendations. 

As many people know, SG 17 was formed by the merger of ITU-T Study Groups 7 and 10 in 2001. 

Study Group 7 had its roots back to the Joint Working Party on New Data Networks, which was created by the IVth Plenary Assembly of the CCITT (Consultative Committee for International Telephony and Telegraphy) in 1968. Table 1 below shows the evolution over the various study periods and the study group leadership until the merger with SG 10 in 2001. Its work program evolved significantly over this time. In the late 60s and early 70s, its​ work focused on digital leased lines and digital circuit switched data networks with the first X-series Recommendations approved at the December 1972 Vth CCITT Plenary Assembly. Packet switched networks was the hot topic of the 70s and 80s with the first edition of the famous X.25 Recommendation approved in 1976. An ever increasing number of packet data network Recommendations were developed and approved in 1980, 1984 and 1988. Work on Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) in conjunction with ISO and IEC began in the early 80s and was very intense through the 80s and 90s. By 2000, this work had reached maturity and SG 7 began to build its efforts on security.

Study Group 10 had its roots as part of the work of CCITT Study Group XI with three Questions (out of eleven Questions) on languages for stored program control telephone exchanges adopted by the Vth CCITT Plenary Assembly in 1972. Table 2 below shows the evolution over the various study periods and the study group leadership until the merger with SG 7 in 2001. In 1976, skeleton Recommendations on Specification and Description Language (SDL) and Man-Machine Language (MML) were adopted as the first Z-series Recommendations. These were further developed in the next 8 years along with CHILL with approvals in 1980 and 1984. The VIIIth CCITT Plenary Assembly in October 1984 established Study Group 10. By 2000, a suite of Z-series Recommendations was in place with MSC (Message Sequence Chart) as the major addition in the 1990s. Focus in the later years moved to aligning ITU-T languages, such as SDL and MSC, to OMG’s UML (Unified Modeling Language).

In 2001, TSAG agreed to merge Study Groups 7 and 10 to form Study Group 17 (7 + 10 = 17). The chairman of the two study groups became co-chairmen of the new Study Group 17 and all the vice chairmen of the two study groups became vice chairman of the new Study Group 17. Table 3 below shows the evolution of Study Group 17 over six study periods and the study group leadership. A major change was made at WTSA-04 when the remaining work on data networks was transferred to Study Group 13 and the major focus of Study Group 17 was shifted to security while also continuing its work on languages. By WTSA-08, a substantial set of security Recommendations had been approved and WTSA-08 changed the title of Study Group 17 to Security. The role of Study Group 17 was essentially continued by WTSA-12 and strengthened by WTSA-16 and WTSA-20.  Study Group 17 has lead study group responsibilities for:
         -     Security
         -     Identity management (IdM)
         -     Languages and description techniques

Table 4 shows the history of X and Z series Recommendations approved by the various CCITT Plenary Assemblies. After 1988, Recommendations were developed, approved and published individually, rather than in the sequence of color books published every four years. The X-series expanded in scope over the years from “New data networks” to “Data communication networks” to “Data networks and open system communications” to “Data networks, open system communications and security”. In a similar​​ manner, the Z-series expanded over the years from “Programming languages for SPC exchanges" to "Programming languages”, to “Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems”. Tables 5, 6, 7 and 8 show the set of 448 approved Recommendations and 34 approved Supplements under the responsibility of Study Group 17 as of 1 March 2023, among which over 225 standards (ITU-T Recommendations) focus on security.

Table 1 - Leadership of Study Group 7 and predecessors

Study PeriodDesignationNameChairmanVice ChairmenNumber of Questions
1969-1972JWP/NRDNew data networksO. A. OHLMER (Germany)V. C. MACDONALD (Canada)1
1973-1976Study Group VIINew networks for data transmissionV. C. MACDONALD (Canada)N. R. CRANE (Australia)
H. GABLER (Germany)
A. E. SERRURE (Belgium)
1 (25 points)
1977-1980Study Group VIINew networks for data transmissionV. C. MACDONALD (Canada)J. CHAPMAN (UK)
N. R. CRANE (Australia)
M. KATO (Japan)
A. TEXIER (France)
34
1981-1984Study Group VIIData communication networksV. C. MACDONALD (Canada)H. V. BERTINE (USA)
M. KATO (Japan)
L. Lavandera SANCHEZ (Spain)
A. TEXIER (France)
J. O. WEDLAKE (UK)
41
1985-1988Study Group VIIData communication networksJ. O. WEDLAKE (UK)H. V. BERTINE (USA)
P. G. BOWIE (Canada)
P. GUINAUDEAU (France)
L. Lavandera SANCHEZ (Spain)
R. PARODI (Italy)
S. TOMITA (Japan)
48
1989-1992Study Group VIIData communications networksJ. O. WEDLAKE (UK)H. V. BERTINE (USA)
P. G. BOWIE (Canada)
L. Lavandera SANCHEZ (Spain)
J. PARK (Australia)
R. PARODI (Italy)
P. PUGES (France)
S. TOMITA (Japan)
15
1993-1996Study Group 7Data networks and open systems communicationsH. V. BERTINE (USA)V. OSSIPOV (Russia)
S. TOMITA (Japan)
C. H. YIM (Korea)
25
1997-2000Study Group 7Data networks and open system communicationsH. V. BERTINE (USA)Y. H. LEE (Korea)
Y. HIRAMATSU (Japan)
V. OSSIPOV (Russia)
25
2001-16/9/01Study Group 7Data networks and open systems communicationsH. V. BERTINE (USA)B.-M. CHIN (Korea)
V. OSSIPOV  (Russia)
14


Table 2 - Leadership of Study Group 10 and predecessors

Study PeriodDesignationNameChairmanVice ChairmenNumber of Questions
1973-1976Study Group XITelephone switching and signallingJ. S. RYAN (USA)T. MOUSSA (Cameroon)
P. PLEHIERS (Belgium)
P. STERNDORFF(Denmark)
3 out of 11
1977-1980Study Group XITelephone switching and signallingJ. S. RYAN (USA)C. A. ADEOYE (Nigeria)
P. PLEHIERS (Belgium)
P. STERNDORFF(Denmark)
3 out of 13
1981-1984Study Group XITelephone switching and signallingJ. S. RYAN (USA)P. COLLET (France)
S. KANO (Japan)
P. PLEHIERS (Belgium)P. STERNDORFF(Denmark)
3 out of 19
1985-1988Study Group XLanguages and methods for telecommunications applicationsC. CARRELLI (Italy)K. KATZEFF (Sweden)
N. A. MARTELLOTTO (USA)
K. SCHULZ (Germany)
9
1989-1992Study Group XLanguages for telecommunication applicationsC. CARRELLI (Italy)O. F. FAERGEMAND (Denmark)
B. LINDBERG (S)
K. SCHULZ (Germany)
12
1993-1996Study Group 10Languages for telecommunication applicationsO. F. FAERGEMAND (Denmark)K. SCHULZ (Germany)10
1997-2000Study Group 10Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systemsA. SARMA (Germany)A. MEISINGSET (Norway)13
2001-16/9/2001Study Group 10Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systemsA. SARMA (Germany)V. EFIMOUCHKINE (Russia)
A. MEISINGSET (Norway)
O. MONKEWICH (Canada)
13


Table 3 - Leadership of Study Group 17

Study PeriodDesignationNameChairmanVice ChairmenNumber of Questions
17/9/2001-2004Study Group 17Data networks and telecommunication softwareCo-chairmen:
Herbert BERTINE (USA)
and
Amardeo SARMA (Germany)
Byoung-Moon CHIN (Korea)
Vladimir EFIMOUCHKINE (Russia)
Arve MEISINGSET (Norway)
Ostap MONKEWICH (Canada)
V. OSSIPOV (Russia)
27
2005-2008Study Group 17Security, languages and telecommunication softwareHerbert BERTINE (USA)Jianyong CHEN (China)
Byoung-Moon CHIN (Korea)
Arkadiy KREMER (Russia)
Arve MEISINGSET (Norway)
Ostap MONKEWICH (Canada)
Yu WATANABE (Japan)
17
2009-2012Study Group 17SecurityArkadiy KREMER (Russia)Jianyong CHEN (China)
Mohamed M.K. ELHAJ (Sudan)
Antonio GUIMARAES (Brazil)
Patrick MWESIGWA (Uganda)
Koji NAKAO (Japan)
Heung Youl YOUM (Korea)
15
​2013-2016​Study Group 17​SecurityArkadiy KREMER (Russia)​Khalid BELHOUL (UAE)
Mohamed M.K. ELHAJ (Sudan)
Mario German Fromow RANGEL (Mexico)
Antonio GUIMARAES (Brazil)
Zhaoji LIN (China)
Patrick MWESIGWA​ (Uganda)
Koji NAKAO (Japan)
Sacid SARIKAYA (Turkey)
Heung Youl YOUM (Korea)
12​
​2017-2021​​Study Group 17

​Security​​

​Heung Youl YOUM (Korea)​Vasiliy DOLMATOV (Russia)
Gökhan EVREN (Turkey)
Inette FUREY (USA)*
Muataz Elsadig ISHAG (Sudan)
Patrick-Kennedy KETTIN ZANGA (Central African Republic)***
Wala LATROUS (Tunisia)
Zhaoji LIN (China)
Hugo Darío MIGUEL (Argentina)**
Yutaka MIYAKE (Japan)​
12
​2022-2024
​Study Group 17
​Security
​​Heung Youl YOUM (Korea)

​Samir ABDELGAWAD (Egypt)
Laial ALMANSOURY (Kuwait)
Afnam ALROMI (Saudi Arabia)
Abderrazak BACHIR BOUIADJRA (Algeria)****
Gökhan EVREN (Turkey)
Yutaka MIYAKE (Japan)​
Lia MOLINARI (Argentina)*****
Kwadwo OSAFO-MAAFO (Ghana)
Greg RATTA (United States)
Pushpendra Kumar SINGH (India)
Arnaud TADDEI (United Kingdom)
Wala TURKI LATROUS (Tunisia)
Liang WEI (China)
12​
 *   Replaced by Juan GONZALEZ (USA), March 2018 
**  Replaced by Lia MOLINARI (Argentina), March 2020
*** Replaced by Eric Anicet MBATHAS (Central African Republic), August 2020
**** Replaced by Francisco Javier DIAZ (Argentina), September 2022
***** Replace by Abdenour Bourennane (Algeria), February 2023


Table 4 - CCITT Plenary Assemblies and Recommendations Approved

Study PeriodBookPlenary AssemblyDatesX-series RecommendationsZ-series Recommendations
1969-1972Green BookVth CCITT Plenary Assembly4-15 December 197211 (Public data networks - X.1, X.2, X.20, X.21, X.30, X.31, X.32, X.33, X.40, X.50, X.70)
1973-1976Orange BookVIth CCITT Plenary Assembly27 September – 8 October 197624 (Public data networks)3 (SDL – Z.100-series)
8 (MML – Z.300-series)
1977-1980Yellow BookVIIth CCITT Plenary Assembly10-21 November 198039 (Public data networks)4 (SDL – Z.100-series)
1 (CHILL – Z.200)
9 (MML – Z.300-series)
1981-1984Red BookVIIIth CCITT Plenary Assembly8-19 October 198456 (Public data networks)
9 (OSI – X.200-series)
8 (MHS – X.400-series)
5 (SDL – Z.100-series)
1 (CHILL – Z.200)
15 (MML – Z.300-series)
1985-1988Blue BookIXth CCITT Plenary Assembly14-25 November 198872 (Public data networks)
23 (OSI – X.200-series)
9 (MHS – X.400-series)
8 (Directory – X.500-series)
1 (SDL – Z.100)
1 (FDTs – Z.110)
1 (CHILL – Z.200)
19 (MML – Z.300-series)


Table 5 - E-series Recommendations under the responsibility of Study Group 17*

OVERALL NETWORK OPERATION, TELEPHONE SERVICE, SERVICE OPERATION AND HUMAN FACTORS

SubjectRecommendation SeriesNumber of Texts
International operationE.100-E.2292
General provisions concerning AdministrationsE.104-E.1192
Network managementE.400-E.4891
International network managementE.405-E.4191
* These 3 Recommendations are in conjunction with Study Group 2


Table 6 - F-series Recommendations under the responsibility of Study Group 17

NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES


SubjectRecommendation SeriesNumber of Texts
​Telegraph service​F.1-F.1091
Message handling servicesF.400-F.49911
Directory servicesF.500-F.5494


Table 7 - X-series Recommendations under the responsibility of Study Group 17

DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY


SubjectRecommendation SeriesNumber of Texts
Open Systems InterconnectionX.200-X.29948
Model and notationX.200-X.2092
Service definitionsX.210-X.21911
Connection-mode protocol specificationsX.220-X.22910
Connectionless-mode protocol specificationsX.230-X.2396
PICS proformasX.240-X.2598
Protocol IdentificationX.260-X.2693
Security ProtocolsX.270-X.2792
Layer Managed ObjectsX.280-X.2895
Conformance testingX.290-X.2991
Message Handling SystemsX.400-X.49925
DirectoryX.500-X.59911
OSI networking and system aspectsX.600-X.69942 + 1 Supp.
NetworkingX.600-X.6297
EfficiencyX.630-X.6396
Quality of serviceX.640-X.6492
Naming, Addressing and RegistrationX.650-X.67915 + 1 Supp.
Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)X.680-X.69912
SecurityX.800-X.84920 + 4 Supp.
OSI applicationsX.850-X.89914
Commitment, Concurrency and RecoveryX.850-X.8593
Transaction processingX.860-X.8794
Remote operationsX.880-X.8893
Generic applications of ASN.1X.890-X.8994
Open distributed processingX.900-X.99913
Information and network securityX.1000-X.109946 + 6 Supp.
General security aspectsX.1000-X.10291
Network securityX.1030-X.104917 + 1 Supp.
Security managementX.1050-X.106911+ 5 Supp.
TelebiometricsX.1080-X.109917
Secure applications and services (1)X.1100-X.119943 + 6 Supp.
Multicast securityX.1100-X.11091
Home network security
X.1110-X.11194 + 1 Supp.
Mobile securityX.1120-X.11397 + 2 Supp.
Web security (1)
X.1140-X.11499 + 3 Supp.
Application security (1)
X.1150-X.11599
Peer-to-peer securityX.1160-X.11694
Networked ID securityX.1170-X.11791
IPTV securityX.1180-X.11998
Cyberspace securityX.1200-X.129943 + 16 Supp.
CybersecurityX.1200-X.122914 + 5 Supp.
Countering spamX.1230-X.124915 + 9 Supp.
Identity management 
X.1250-X.127914 + 2 Supp.
Secure applications and services (2)X.1300-X.149943
Emergency communicationsX.1300-X.13092
Ubiquitous sensor network security
X.1310-X.13194
​Smart grid security
​X.1330-X.1339
3
​Certified mail
​​X.1340-X.1349
​1
​Internet of things (IoT) security
​X.1360-X.1369
10
​Intelligent transportation system (ITS) security
​​X.1370-X.1399
8
​​Distributed ledger technology (DLT) security
​X.1400-X.1429
10
Application Security (2)
​​​X.1450-X.1459
4
​Web security (2)
​X.1470-X.1489
​1
Cybersecurity information exchange​​X.1500-X.1599​21
​Overview of cybersecurity
​X.1500-X.1519​2
Vulnerability/state exchange​
​X.1520-X.1539​10
Event/incident/heuristics exchange​​X.1540-X.1549​4
Exchange of policies​​X.1550-X.1559​1
Heuristics and information request​​X.1560-X.1569​0
Identification and discovery​​X.1570-X.1579​1
Assured exchange​​X.1580-X.1589​3
Cloud computing security​X.1600-X.169910
​     ​Overview of cloud computing security
      ​​X.1600-X.1601
1​
​     Cloud Computing security design
​      X.1602-X.1639
6​
​     Cloud Computing security best practices and guidelines
      X.1640-X.1659
3
Quantum communication
X.1700-X.1729
​5
​​​      Quantum random number generator
    X.1702-X.1709
1​
​     Framework of QKDN security
​    X.1710-X.1711​
1
​     Security design for QKDN
    ​X.1712-X.1719
​3
Data security
X.1750-X.1799
4
​     Big Data Security
​      X.1750-X.1759
3
     ​Data protection​
​      X.1779-X.1789
1​
IMT-2020 security
X.1800-X.1819
4


Table 8 - Z-series Recommendations under the responsibility of Study Group 17

LANGUAGES AND GENERAL SOFTWARE ASPECTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS


SubjectRecommendation SeriesNumber of Texts
Formal description techniques (FDT)Z.100-Z.19935 + 1 Supp.
Specification and Description Language (SDL)Z.100-Z.1099 + 1 Supp.
Application of formal description techniquesZ.110-Z.1193
Message Sequence Chart (MSC)Z.120-Z.1292
User Requirements Notation (URN)Z.150-Z.1592
Testing and Test Control Notation (TTCN)Z.160-Z.17919
Programming languagesZ.200-Z.2991
CHILL: The ITU-T high level languageZ.200-Z.2091
QualityZ.400-Z.4991
Quality of telecommunication softwareZ.400-Z.4090
Quality aspects of protocol-related RecommendationsZ.450-Z.4591
MiddlewareZ.600-Z.6990
Processing environment architecturesZ.600-Z.6090​​​
​​​​​