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Table of ContentsGlossary Foreword List of abbreviations and acronyms Chapter One: Why IP Telephony?1.1 Why? 1.2 When? 1.3 What? Chapter Two: Technical Aspects of IP Telephony2.1 Introduction 2.2 IP Telephony standards activities 2.3 Quality of service 2.4 Bandwidth 2.5 Numbering 2.6 Impact of IP Telephony on network architectures Chapter Three: Economic Aspects of IP Telephony3.1 Consumers, carriers and countries 3.2 Size, substitutability and settlements 3.3 Impact on the Public Telecommunication Operator Chapter Four: Regulatory Aspects of IP Telephony4.1 Introduction 4.2 Changing conceptions of telecommunication networks and services 4.3 Current approaches to the regulatory status of IP Telephony 4.4< IP Telephony in high-price markets 4.5 Sustainability of local access networks> 4.6 IP Telephony development does not equal Internet development 4.7 IP Telephony in falling-price markets 4.8 IP Telephony in low-price markets 4.9 Impact of IP Telephony on universal service schemes 4.10 IP Telephony puts downward pressure on IDD charges Chapter Five: IP Telephony in Practice5.1< Introduction 5.2 The impact of the regulatory environment on IP Telephony 5.3 Impact of public telecommunication operators on the evolution of IP Telephony 5.4 The impact of IP Telephony on the regulatory environment 5.5 Conclusion: Who benefits from restrictive policies? Chapter Six: Conclusions6.1 The perils of cost-oriented pricing 6.2 Towards technology-neutral regulation A1. China A2. Colombia A3. Peru A4. Thailand LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1.1: Taking off Figure 1.2a: Examples of different “flavours” of IP Telephony Figure 1.2b: More examples of the different “flavours” of IP Telephony Figure 1.3: Competition continues to grow, with Internet services leading the way
Figure 2.1: Two different ways of doing the same thing Figure 2.2: The boom in trans-Atlantic capacity Figure 2.3: Top ten international Internet hub cities, and inter-regional Internet bandwidth Figure 2.4: Evolving Architectures
Figure 3.1: Map and traceroute showing path of message between Switzerland and Uganda Figure 3.2: IP capacity overtaking voice capacity Figure 3.3: Where did all that traffic disappear? Figure 3.4: Dial-up Internet traffic contributing to carrier revenue streams
Figure 4.1: Testing the functional equivalence of IP Telephony and PSTN voice services LIST OF TABLESTable 1.1: .... Retail Phone-to-Phone Voice Services Table 1.2: .... Wholesale Phone-to-Phone Voice Services Table 1.3: .... Enhanced IP Telephony Applications
Table 2.1: .... Everything-over-IP (XoIP)” Standards, Protocols, and Vendor Fora Table 3.1: .... Top ten net settlement surplus countries
Table 4.1: .... Are any Internet services prohibited? Table 4.2: .... Countries that specifically permit IP Telephony Table 4.3: .... Some IP Telephony alliances involving PTOs from countries in which competition is restricted Table 4.4: .... The fuzzy line between public voice telecommunication and everything else Table 5.1: .... Market statistics and regulatory structures
Table 6.1: .... The impact of IP Telephony on public telecommunication operators
Table A1: .... Bandwidth: Limited but growing Table A2: .... Falling prices Table A3: .... Defining Telecommunication Services Table A4: .... A market showing constant growth Table A5: .... Other voice routes Table A6: .... Diversification in termination charges Table A7: .... Pricing Strategies of Major Mobile Phone Operators Table A8: .... Rates of Domestic Long-Distance Telephone Call Table A9: .... Comparison of Internet Pricing in Asian Countries Table A10: .. Comparison of Phone Net and International Telephone Rates For Major Destinations profit Table A11: .. Rates of Y-Tel Service
LIST OF BOXESBox 1.1: Poland – New Telecommunication Law Will Permit Internet Telephony Box 1.2: IP Telephony Heads for the Stars
Box 2.1: Switzerland – It all Comes Down to a Few Milliseconds Box 2.2: The Life (and death?) of an IP Telephony Packet Box 2.3: Changing Quality of Service Expectations? Box 2.4: How do I find thee? let me UNUM the ways?
Box 3.1: “Free” IP Telephony? Box 3.2: Nepal: Two Faces of IP Telephony – Origination and Termination Box 3.3: Telecom Egypt: If You Can’t Beat Them, Join Them Box 3.4: IP Telephony can be mobile, too: the case of Hungary Box 3.5: Czech Republic – Licensed Providers of all Kinds Offer Internet Telephony and VoIP
Box 4.1: European Union: A Common Framework for Electronic Communications Networks and Services Box 4.2: Hungary - Keep The Sound (quality) Down, Okay? Box 4.3: European Union - If It’s Not Real-Time, It’s Not Voice Telephony Box 4.4: USA – IP Telephony Looks Like a Telecommunications Service, But Is Not Regulated Like One Box 4.5: iBasis: The business Model of a Wholesale IPTSP Box 4.6: ITXC: It’s Easy to Get Started with a SNARC Box 4.7: Level 3: VoIP Is Functionally Equivalent to Circuit-Switched Voice and Should Be Regulated the Same Way Box 4.8: Voice or Data? Box 4.9: Real-time? Box 4.10: European Commission Recommends Unbundled Access to the Local Loop Box 4.11: European Union – 1998 Status Notice Under Review, But Few Changes Expected Box 4.12: Canada - Voice is voice is voice Box 4.13: Malaysia: Licensable “applications services” Include PSTN Telephony, IP Telephony
Box 6.1: “Wait and See” in the Republic of Korea Box 6.2: France - Public Consultation Emphasizes Need for Technology-neutral Regulation
Box A1: Future Transportation with the Ministry of Railways Box A2: Equipment Production and National Champions Box A3: Enforcing the law Box A4: APLIO – An Innovation in Equipment
LIST OF BOX FIGURESBox Figure 3.1: IP Telephony wants to be free Box Figure 3.2: Nepal Telecommunications Corporation: vulnerable to IP Telephony? Box Figure 3.3: Traffic and tariff trends between Egypt and the United States
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