FOREWORD
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
DATA NOTES
INTRODUCTION
1. GLOBAL ACCESS
1.1 The long path to access
1.2 Why the differences?
1.3 Statistics and lies
1.4 Alternative measurements
2. PRICING ACCESS
2.1 Pricing structures for telephone service 30
2.2 Defining affordability 33
2.3 Tariff strategies 38
2.4 Tariff strategies to reach the unphoned 42
3. SUPPLYING ACCESS
3.1 Cellular radio
3.2 Satellite systems
3.3 Voice plus
4. UNIVERSAL ACCESS
4.1 Universal service: a concept in transition
4.2 Revisiting universal service in developing countries
4.3 The rise of universal access
5. REDEFINING ACCESS
5.1 A new definition of universal service?
5.2 Funding universal service
5.3 Recommendations to enhance universal service/access
GLOSSARY
WORLD TELECOMMUNICATION INDICATORS
FIGURES
1 A profitable industry
2 Privatizing and competing
1.1 Telecommunication access around the world
1.2 Connecting the world
1.3 Rapid telecommunication transitions in East Asia
1.4 It takes such a long time
1.5 Telecommunications and wealth
1.6 A tale of three countries
1.7 World household telephone penetration
1.8 Where you live does matter
1.9 Public telephone trends
2.1 Is this all the unmet demand?
2.2 Telephone service pioneers: rich and highly urbanized
2.3 The lost decade
2.4 Depending on international revenues
2.5 Tariff rebalancing in action
2.6 Relative affordability and telephone access
2.7 Affordability and demand
2.8 Analysing pricing strategies
2.9 Installation charges and demand
2.10 Sustainable residential tariffs, growing residential access
3.1 The power of two, or more
3.2 Mobile cellular rebounds
3.3 Cellular substitution
3.4 Coming down but still highly variable
3.5 Cable telephony
4.1 Universal service in the United States
4.2 Universal service in the developed world
4.3 Privatization and network growth in Latin America
4.4 Increasing access with private contractors
4.5 Mobile cellular competition and access
4.6 Targeting payphones
4.7 Private public telephones
5.1 Internet
5.2 Computerized households
5.3 A universal access roadmap
BOXES
1 The right to communicate
1.1 Maitland revisited
1.2 What is teledensity?
1.3 Measuring telephone households
2.1 Prepaid mobile cellular calling cards
3.1 Cellular payphones in South Africa
3.2 GMPCS "opinions" relevant to universal access
3.3 Serving or "super-serving"?
4.1 Phoneless in the USA
4.2 The Republic of Korea's path to universal service
4.3 Stumbling towards competition
5.1 Information technology applications in developing countries
TABLES
1.1 Teledensity varies
1.2 Locations with telephone service
1.3 Distance from a telephone
2.1 Socially-desirable and cost-oriented pricing schemes, and relative cost trends
2.2 Average residential tariffs
2.3 Affordability of telephone service
2.4 Business and residential telephone charges
2.5 Targeting the disadvantaged
3.1 WLL projects around the world
3.2 Global, Mobile and Personal
3.3 Cable telephony around the world
3.4 Which would you choose?
4.1 General agreement: available, accessible and affordable
4.2 The universally served
4.3 Five stages of universal service policy development
4.4 Defining universal access
4.5 What is universal access?
4.6 Targeting access
4.7 Local loop competition in the Philippines
4.8 Chilean universal service fund
5.1 Universal "services"
5.2 Committed to universal service transparency
5.3 Pros and cons of different universal service funding mechanisms
5.4 Year 2010 goals for universal access
List of World Telecommunication Indicator Tables
Introduction
Table A: List of economies
1. Basic indicators
2. Main telephone lines
3. Waiting list
4. Local telephone network
5. Household Telephones
6. Public telephones
7. Largest city main lines
8. Urban main lines
9. Telephone tariffs
10. Cellular subscribers
11. Cellular tariffs
12. Text communications
13. ISDN
14. International telephone traffic
15. Telecommunication staff
16. Telecommunications revenue
17. Telecommunications investment
18. Equipment trade
19. Information technology
20. Television
21. Network growth
22. Projections
23. Top 50 PTOs by revenue
24. Top 20 PTOs by mobile cellular subscribers, international traffic and main telephone lines
