Internationalized Domain Names (IDN) |
List of technical documents on fundamentals of Internationalized Domain Names and related issues |
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IDNA Standard
- Fältström, P., Hoffman, P. and A. Costello, "Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)", RFC 3490, March 2003.
- Hoffman, P. and M. Blanchet, "Nameprep: A Stringprep Profile for Internationalized Domain Names (IDN)",
RFC 3491, March 2003.
- Costello, A., "Punycode: A Bootstring encoding of Unicode for use with
Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)", RFC 3492, March 2003.
- Hoffman, P. and M. Blanchet, "Preparation of Internationalized Strings ("stringprep")",
RFC 3454, December 2002.
IDNAbis issues
- Alvestrand H., Karp C., "An updated IDNA criterion for right-to-left scripts", Internet-Draft, February 2008
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-alvestrand-idna-bidi-04.txt
- Faltstrom, P., "The Unicode Codepoints and IDNA", Internet-Draft, February 2008
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-faltstrom-idnabis-tables-05.txt
- Klensin, J., "Internationalizing Domain Names for Applications (IDNA): Issues, Explanation, and Rationale", Internet-Draft, February 2008
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-klensin-idnabis-issues-07.txt
- Hoffman, P., “High-level Changes From IDNA2003 To IDNA200x”, Internet-Draft, March 2008
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-idna200x-topics-01.txt
IDN Registration guidelines
- Konishi, K., Huang, K., Qian, H., and Y. Ko, "Joint Engineering Team (JET) Guidelines for Internationalized Domain Names (IDN) Registration and
Administration for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean", RFC 3743, April 2004.
- Klensin, J., “Suggested Practices for Registration of Internationalized
Domain Names (IDN)”, RFC
4290, December 2005.
- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), "Guidelines
for the Implementation of Internationalized Domain Names, Version 1.0",
June2003.
- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), "Guidelines
for the Implementation of Internationalized Domain Names, Version 2.1",
February 2006.
- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), "Guidelines for the Implementation of Internationalized Domain Names, Version 2.2", April 2007.
- Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), "Repository of IDN Practices", April 2004.
- Klensin, J., Faltstrom, P., Karp C., "Review and Recommendations for Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs)", RFC 4690, September 2006
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4690.txt
- Lee, X., Mao, W., Chen, E., Hsu, N., Klensin, J., "Registration and Administration Recommendations for Chinese Domain Names", RFC 4713, October
2006 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4713.txt
- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), "Guidelines for the Implementation of Internationalized Domain Names, Version 2.2",
April 2007. http://www.icann.org/announcements/announcement-2-11may07.htm
Internationalising of TLDs
IDN Security Issues
Unicode
- The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 3.2.0, defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0 (Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 2000. ISBN 0-201-61633-5), as
amended by the Unicode Standard Annex #27: Unicode 3.1 and the
Unicode Standard Annex #28: Unicode 3.2
- ISO/IEC 10646:2003, Information technology -- Universal Multiple-Octet Coded
Character Set (UCS)
- Davis, M., Duerst, M., Unicode Standard Annex#15: “Unicode Normalization
Forms, Version 3.2.0”, March 2002.
- Whistler, K., Davis, M., Unicode Technical Report#17: “Character
Encoding Model”, September 2004.
- Davis, M., Unicode Technical Report #21: “Case Mappings”, March 2001.
- Davis, M., Unicode Standard Annex #9: “The Bidirectional Algorithm”, March 2005.
- Davis, M., Unicode Standard Annex #31: “Identifier and Pattern Syntax”, March 2005.
- Davis, M., Unicode Standard Annex #24: “Script Names”, March 2005.
DNS essentials
- Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities", STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.
- Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
- Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Communication Layers", STD 3, RFC 1122, October 1989.
- Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Application and Support", STD 3, RFC 1123, October 1989.
Software Tools
- GNU Libidn is an implementation of the Stringprep, Punycode and IDNA specifications used for internationalized domain names.
The C library is available under the GNU Lesser General Public License.
- Internet Mail Consortium IDNA Test Tool provides an IDNA test interface and perl code to implement IDNA.
ITU Resolutions
- Plenipotentiary Resolution 102 (rev. Marrakesh, 2002): Management of Internet Names and Addresses
- Plenipotentiary Resolution 133 (Marrakesh, 2002): Role of administrations of Member States
in the management of internationalized (multilingual) domain names
- WTSA Resolution 48 (Florianópolis, 2004): Internationalized Domain Names
Other documents
- Phillips A., Davis, M., "Tags for Identifying Languages", Internet-Draft, March 2008
- Yao, J., Mao, W., "SMTP extension for internationalized email address", Internet-Draft, January 2008
- Abel, Y., "Internationalized Email Headers", Internet-Draft, February 2008
- Gulbrandsen, A., Newman, C., "Internet Message Access Protocol Internationalization", Internet-Draft, February 2008
- Phillips, A., Ed. and M. Davis, Ed., "Tags for Identifying Languages",
RFC 4646, September 2006
- Klensin, J., Padlipsky M., "Unicode Format for Network Interchange",RFC 5198 March 2008
- Klensin J., Ko Y., "Overview and Framework for Internationalized Email",
RFC 4952, July 2007
- Gellens, R., Chung, E., "Mailing Lists and Internationalized Email Addresses", Internet-Draft, February 2008
- Yoneya, Y., Fujiwara, K., "Downgrading
mechanism for Email Address Internationalization", Internet-Draft, March 2008
- Alvestrand, H., “IETF Policy on Character Sets and Languages”, BCP 18, RFC 2277, January 1998.
- Alvestrand H., “Tags for the Identification of Languages”,
RFC3066, Jan 2001.
- Hoffman, P., "Terminology Used in Internationalization in the IETF",RFC 3536, May 2003.
- Klensin, J., “Role of the Domain Name System (DNS)”, RFC 3467, February 2003.
- Yergeau, F., Alis Technologies, „UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646”, RFC 2279, January 1998.
- IAB and L. Daigle, “A Tangled Web: Issues of I18N, Domain Names, and the Other Internet protocols”, RFC 2825, May 2000.
- World Wide Web Consortium, “An Introduction to Multilingual Web Addresses”, January 2005.
- Omniglot with references to writing systems and languages of the world
- Alan Wood’s Unicode Resources including an RSS newsfeed on new Unicode-related resources
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