1 Introduction and background
2 The dynamics of international capacity provision in
developing countries
2.1 The Global context
2.2 International capacity costs
2.3 Global transit
3 International connectivity provision
3.1 Ways and means of enabling international connectivity
3.2 Market developments and strategies
3.3 Ownership and financing models for international
infrastructure
4 Countries with special challenges in meeting international
connectivity needs
4.1 The case of the Pacific islands
4.2 The case of Rwanda: a landlocked country
4.3 The case of a country emerging from civil strife
5 Economics of international Internet connectivity
5.1 Factors having an impact on international Internet
connectivity
5.2 Barriers to connectivity
6 Possible operational strategies for improving connectivity
6.1 Ensuring reliability
6.2 Joint planning and shared deployment costs
6.4 Planning for future links – submarine cable branching
units and stubs
6.3 Linking coastal countries: Festoon systems
6.5 Making use of the next generation of high-capacity
satellite systems
7 Policy and regulatory consideration with regard to
international Internet connectivity
7.1 Easing access to rights of way
7.2 Addressing land crossing requirements
7.3 Regional mechanisms to ensure equal access by all
network operators
7.4 Political projects
7.5 The island-hopping approach
7.6 Regional connectivity initiatives
7.7 Domestic infrastructure and demand building
7.8 Capacity building and innovation
7.9 Special arrangements for landlocked countries
7.10 Ensuring strong regulation to address market dominance
8 Principles and guidelines for ensuring better
international access
8.1 The connectivity strategy building blocks
8.2 Monitoring and evaluation of the impact of connectivity
strategies
8.3 Global and regional collaboration to improve
international capacity for developing countries
Annex 1: References and further resources
Annex 2: Glossary and abbreviations
Annex 3: Technical background to optic fibre communications
A3.1 Introduction
A3.2 Optical fibre
A3.3 Transmission systems
A3.4 Fibre optical communication systems and networks