• FOREWORD
  • CHAPTER 1 - SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT FUNDAMENTALS
    • Table of Contents
    • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.2 Goals and objectives
    • 1.3 International spectrum aspects
    • 1.4 Major national spectrum management directives/laws
      • 1.4.1 Radiocommunication law
      • 1.4.2 National frequency allocation table
      • 1.4.3 Regulations and procedures
    • 1.5 Organizational structure and processes
      • 1.5.1 Structure and coordination
      • 1.5.2 Decision-making process
    • 1.6 Spectrum management functional responsibilities and requirements
      • 1.6.1 Spectrum management planning, regulation and policy making
      • 1.6.2 Development of a national allocation table
      • 1.6.3 Frequency assignment and licensing
      • 1.6.4 Relationship between spectrum fees and the spectrum management process
      • 1.6.5 Radio standards specification and equipment authorization
      • 1.6.6 Monitoring
      • 1.6.7 Spectrum enforcement
      • 1.6.8 International cooperation
      • 1.6.9 National cooperation (liaison and consultation)
      • 1.6.10 Spectrum engineering support
      • 1.6.11 Computer support
    • 1.7 Development of a spectrum management organizational structure
      • 1.7.1 General
      • 1.7.2 Decentralization versus centralized management
      • 1.7.3 Matrix structure management
      • 1.7.4 Summary of principles
      • 1.7.5 Spectrum management systems
    • Bibliography
    • ANNEX 1 TO CHAPTER 1 - International Spectrum Management and the International Telecommunication Union
    • 1 History
    • 2 Organizational structure
    • ANNEX 2 TO CHAPTER 1 - Example of an outline of a national document of regulations and procedures for Radio Spec...
    • 1 General
    • 2 Discussion
  • CHAPTER 2 - SPECTRUM PLANNING
    • Table of Contents
    • 2.1 Introduction
    • 2.2 Significance of planning
      • 2.2.1 Planning benefits versus costs
      • 2.2.2 Definitions of spectrum planning
    • 2.3 Planning processes
      • 2.3.1 Establishing spectrum planning objectives
      • 2.3.2 Elements to consider
      • 2.3.3 Spectrum availability
      • 2.3.4 Planning options
      • 2.3.5 Process implementation
      • 2.3.6 Iteration process
    • 2.4 Consultative approach
      • 2.4.1 Inquiry into future spectrum/service requirements
      • 2.4.2 Interaction among/with representative groups
    • 2.5 Analytical approach
    • 2.6 Scenario approach
    • 2.7 Usage trends
    • 2.8 Supplementary approaches
    • 2.9 Spectrum management system planning and review
    • 2.10 Planning implementation
      • 2.10.1 Short term (within three to five years)
      • 2.10.2 Long term (within five to ten years)
      • 2.10.3 Strategic planning
    • 2.11 Improving the spectrum management planning system
    • 2.12 The management or administrative body
    • Bibliography
  • CHAPTER 3 - FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT AND LICENSING
    • Table of Contents
    • 3.1 Regulatory aspects of the frequency assignment process
    • 3.2 Technical aspects of the frequency assignment process
      • 3.2.1 Procedures for assignment of frequencies to radio stations
      • 3.2.2 Information required for frequency applications
      • 3.2.3 Methods of interference analysis for frequency-site planning
    • 3.3 Frequency plans
      • 3.3.1 Linear frequency-site planning
      • 3.3.2 Sequential frequency planning and assignment process
      • 3.3.3 fiInterference-freefl assignment grids
      • 3.3.4 Cellular frequency-site planning method
      • 3.3.5 Flexible frequency-site planning process
    • 3.4 Software and automation
    • 3.5 Introduction
    • 3.6 Requirements of licensing
    • 3.7 Licensing radio stations
    • 3.8 Deregulation of licensing
    • 3.9 Licensing practices
      • 3.9.1 Licensing non-commercial radio users
      • 3.9.2 Licensing commercial radio users
      • 3.9.3 Licensing fixed service for telecommunication service operators
      • 3.9.4 Licensing mobile services
      • 3.9.5 Licensing broadcasting services
    • 3.10 On-line licensing
      • 3.10.1 Simple on-line licensing system
      • 3.10.2 More complex on-line licensing system
      • 3.10.3 Multiple country on-line licensing system
      • 3.10.4 Other issues for on-line licensing
    • 3.11 Information security issues
    • References
    • Bibliography
  • CHAPTER 4 - SPECTRUM MONITORING, SPECTRUM INSPECTION AND INVESTIGATION
    • Table of Contents
    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Spectrum monitoring as an element of the spectrum management process
    • 4.3 Spectrum inspection and investigation as elements of the spectrum management process
    • PART A - Spectrum monitoring
    • 4.4 Monitoring to assist frequency assignment
    • 4.5 Monitoring to assess spectrum occupancy
    • 4.6 Monitoring for compliance with national rules and regulations
      • 4.6.1 Detection and identification of unauthorized transmissions
      • 4.6.2 Verification of technical and operational parameters
    • 4.7 Monitoring to identify the source of, and, resolve interference
    • 4.8 Monitoring facilities
      • 4.8.1 Facilities below 30 MHz
      • 4.8.2 Facilities above 30 MHz
      • 4.8.3 Space monitoring
    • 4.9 Automation of monitoring
      • 4.9.1 Automation of routine measurements
      • 4.9.2 Equipment to automate monitoring
      • 4.9.3 Computer software for automation
    • 4.10 Integration of monitoring sub-system with automated spectrum management system
      • 4.10.1 Automatic violation detection
      • 4.10.2 Remote access to system resources
    • PART B - Spectrum inspections and investigations
    • 4.11 Inspections and investigations for compliance with national rules and Regulations
    • 4.12 Verification of technical and operational parameters
    • 4.13 Detection and identification of unauthorized transmissions
    • 4.14 Inspections to identify the source of, and, resolve interference
    • 4.15 Investigation to identify the source of, and, resolve interference
    • 4.16 Equipment for inspections
    • 4.17 Equipment for investigations
    • 4.18 Remote access to system resources
    • ANNEX 1 TO CHAPTER 4 - Concession of radio monitoring service; The case of Argentina: an innovative solution
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 International call for tenders
    • 3 Implementation
    • 4 Conclusion
    • References
    • Bibliography
  • CHAPTER 5 - SPECTRUM ENGINEERING PRACTICES
    • Table of Contents
    • 5.1 Introduction
      • 5.1.1 Importance of technical basis
      • 5.1.2 Scope of the Chapter
    • 5.2 Technical parameters
      • 5.2.1 Equipment specifications and certification
      • 5.2.2 Equipment parameters
      • 5.2.3 Performance criteria
    • 5.3 Engineering analysis tools
      • 5.3.1 Models of propagation
      • 5.3.2 Topographic data
      • 5.3.3 Selection of propagation model
    • 5.4 Interference analysis
      • 5.4.1 Co-channel
      • 5.4.2 Adjacent channel
      • 5.4.3 Desensitization
      • 5.4.4 Probability of interference
    • 5.5 Sharing frequency bands
      • 5.5.1 Technical basis for sharing frequency allocations (sharing between different services)
      • 5.5.2 Sharing between land mobile and broadcasting services
      • 5.5.3 Sharing between fixed services and broadcasting services
      • 5.5.4 Sharing with radar systems
      • 5.5.5 Sharing using spread spectrum techniques
      • 5.5.6 Summary of ITU-R Recommendations on sharing between services
    • 5.6 Protection ratios
    • 5.7 Noise levels
    • 5.8 Radiation limits
      • 5.8.1 CISPR limits
      • 5.8.2 Health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields
    • 5.9 Site engineering considerations
      • 5.9.1 Co-site engineering
      • 5.9.2 Example of shared infrastructure: 3G Cellular networks
    • References
    • Bibliography
  • CHAPTER 6 - SPECTRUM ECONOMICS
    • Table of Contents
    • 6.1 Introduction
    • 6.2 Traditional mechanisms of financing spectrum management
      • 6.2.1 National budget financing
      • 6.2.2 Spectrum licence and usage fees
      • 6.2.3 Other charges
      • 6.2.4 Alternative methods of supporting spectrum management activities
    • 6.3 Spectrum licencing approaches
      • 6.3.1 First come-first served
      • 6.3.2 Beauty contests
      • 6.3.3 Comparative bidding
      • 6.3.4 Lotteries
    • 6.4 Spectrum pricing
      • 6.4.1 Spectrum fees
      • 6.4.2 Auctions as part of bidding approaches
    • 6.5 Spectrum rights13
      • 6.5.1 Spectrum rights
      • 6.5.2 Managing a transition in spectrum funding
      • 6.5.3 Cost of spectrum redeployment (as a method of spectrum management)
    • ANNEX 1 TO CHAPTER 6 - An application of spectrum pricing
    • ANNEX 2 TO CHAPTER 6 - Cost of spectrum redeployment
    • 1 Interests driving the decision to redeploy spectrum
    • 2 The cost of redeployment
    • 3 Calculation of the redeployment cost using the residual book value
      • 3.1 Evaluation of the cost incurred by the user on leaving the frequency band
      • 3.2 The residual book value Vcr
      • 3.3 Renewal costs
      • 3.4 Calculation of the redeployment cost
    • 4 Calculation of the redeployment cost using residual economic value
    • 5 The redeployment fund and redeployment procedures
      • 5.1 The redeployment fund
      • 5.2 The redeployment procedures
    • Bibliography
  • CHAPTER 7 - AUTOMATION FOR SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT ACTIVITES
    • Table of Contents
    • 7.1 Introduction
    • 7.2 Applications to spectrum management activities
      • 7.2.1 When automation of the spectrum management process is needed
      • 7.2.2 The benefits of automation of the spectrum management process
    • 7.3 Major components of an automated spectrum management system
    • 7.4 Transition from manual to computerized systems
    • 7.5 Conclusion
    • References
    • ANNEX 1 TO CHAPTER 7 - Development and implementation of computerized spectrum management systems by the Interna...
    • 1 Introduction
      • 1.1 WinBASMS development and features
      • 1.2 WinBASMS shortcomings
    • ANNEX 2 TO CHAPTER 7 - Radio spectrum management in Malaysia (a case study)
    • ANNEX 3 TO CHAPTER 7 - Description of spectrum management and monitoring system (SAAGER)
    • 1 Introduction
    • 2 Spectrum Management System
      • 2.1 Application Processing
      • 2.2 Frequency assignment
        • 2.2.1 Frequency assignment process
        • 2.2.2 ITU and National Frequency Allocation Plan
        • 2.2.3 Border coordination
      • 2.3 Licensing
      • 2.4 Spectrum engineering
      • 2.5 Engineering reports
    • 3 Spectrum monitoring
      • 3.1 Software capabilities
      • 3.2 Metrics measurements
      • 3.3 Map display and control
      • 3.4 Monitor receiver
      • 3.5 Direction finding (DF)
      • 3.6 Monitoring simulation for training
      • 3.7 Spectrum monitoring system functions
      • 3.8 Reports
    • 4 CONATEL™s use of the system
      • 4.1 Complaint and violation detection
      • 4.2 Expandibility
    • 5 Experience of others with automated spectrum management system used by CONATEL
      • 5.1 Introduction
      • 5.2 Application processing
      • 5.3 Frequency assignment
      • 5.4 Spectrum economics
      • 5.5 Licensing
      • 5.6 Spectrum engineering
      • 5.7 Spectrum monitoring
    • ANNEX 4 TO CHAPTER 7 - Software and automation example spectrum management in Central and Eastern Europe
    • ANNEX 5 TO CHAPTER 7 - National frequency management in Turkey
    • ANNEX 6 TO CHAPTER 7 - Updating the legacy systems for spectrum management
    • 1 Overview
      • 1.1 Introduction
    • 2 The challenge
    • 3 Existing situation
      • 3.1 Heterogeneous software environment
      • 3.2 Heterogeneous data environment
    • 4 Toward a modern unified integrated system
      • 4.1 Platform selection
      • 4.2 Analysis of client™s operations
      • 4.3 Lessons learned building the application
      • 4.4 Converting the data
    • 5 Advanced frequency management system
    • 6 Transition to the FMS
    • 7 The future
    • 8 Summary
    • ANNEX 7 TO CHAPTER 7 - National spectrum management and monitoring system in Peru
    • 1 Introduction
      • 1.1 System description
      • 1.2 Benefits expected by the Ministerio de Transportes y Communicaciones
    • 2 Spectrum management system presentation
      • 2.1 Project implementation
      • 2.2 System description
      • 2.3 System users administration and security management
      • 2.4 Administrative functions
        • 2.4.1 Data entry interface and data definition
        • 2.4.2 Spectrum users management
        • 2.4.3 Workflow management and processing
        • 2.4.4 International coordination management
        • 2.4.5 Equipment type approval and certification
        • 2.4.6 Licensing
        • 2.4.7 Billing, fees processing and automatic notification of renewal
      • 2.5. Technical analysis tools
        • 2.5.1 Technical interface data entry
        • 2.5.2 Engineering, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and C/I analyses
        • 2.5.3 Frequency assignment
      • 2.6 Interface with the spectrum monitoring system
      • 2.7 Geographical information system (GIS)
        • 2.7.1 GIS tool
        • 2.7.2 MTC cartographic database configuration
      • 2.8 Conclusion
    • Bibliography
  • CHAPTER 8 - MEASURES OF SPECTRUM UTILIZATION AND SPECTRUM UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY
    • Table of Contents
    • 8.1 Introduction
    • 8.2 First method for calculating spectrum utilization
      • 8.2.1 Discussion
    • 8.3 Second method for calculating spectrum utilization
    • 8.4 Assessment of economic utilization of spectrum
    • 8.5 Applications
    • 8.6 Spectrum utilization of satellite systems
    • 8.7 Measure of spectrum utilization efficiency
      • 8.7.1 Example of spectrum utilization efficiency calculations
      • 8.7.2 Spectrum quality index (SQI) (spectrum utilization relative to demand)
    • 8.8 Ratio of spectrum utilization efficiencies, or relative spectrum efficiency
      • 8.8.1 Discussion
      • 8.8.2 RSE example for the land mobile service
    • 8.9 Conclusions
    • References
    • Bibliography
  • ANNEX 1 - SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT TRAINING
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Skills required for trainees
  • 3 Topics for courses
    • 3.1 Recommended training for the system described in Recommendation ITU-R SM.1370; a useful example of basic traini...
    • 3.2 On-the-job training
    • 3.3 Detailed training; Professional development training
  • 4 Training facilities
    • 4.1 Training resources available through the ITU
      • 4.1.1 The World Radiocommunication Seminar
      • 4.1.2 Centres of Excellence
      • 4.1.3 Virtual Training Centre
    • 4.2 Training provided by administrations and organizations
      • 4.2.1 Training facilities in the United States of America
      • 4.2.2 Australian Communications Authority International Training Program
      • 4.2.3 Training at the United Kingdom Telecommunications Academy (UKTA)
      • 4.2.4 Israeli National Spectrum Management Course
      • 4.2.5 The Telecommunications Executive Management Institute of Canada (TEMIC)
    • 4.3 Training provided by Universities
      • 4.3.1 Courses at the University of York
      • 4.3.2 Courses at the George Washington University Centre for Professional Development
  • References
  • ATTACHMENT 1 TO ANNEX 1 - Spectrum management and monitoring training*
  • 1 Training program
  • 2 Course Duration
  • 3 Courses
  • ATTACHMENT 2 TO ANNEX 1 - Spectrocan and LStelcom training programs*
  • 1 Training program
  • 2 Courses
  • ATTACHMENT 3 TO ANNEX 1 - Spectrum management training*
  • 1 Training principles
  • 2 Training programs
    • 2.1 Administration managers training courses
    • 2.2 Technical operators training courses
    • 2.3 Administrative operators training courses
    • 2.4 System™s Administrators training courses
  • ANNEX 2 - BEST PRACTICES FOR NATIONAL SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT