Report ITU-R BT.2386-4
Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR)
Part 1 Overview of single frequency networks
1 Definition and characteristics of single frequency networks
1.1 Definition of single frequency networks
1.2 Benefits of single frequency networks
1.3 Requirements and limitations of single frequency networks
1.4 Type of SFN
1.5 Consideration of network structures for SFN
1.6 Classification of transmitting stations
1.7 Spectrum utilization
2 Coverage criteria
2.1 Reception modes
2.2 Pixel coverage, area coverage, population coverage
2.3 Full area vs. partial coverage
3 Statistical aspects and Network Gain in SFN planning
3.1 Statistical Aspects of Coverage Prediction
3.2 Effect of OFDM Multipath Capability on Coverage Prediction
3.3 Network Gain
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Definitions related to network gain
3.3.3 Example of network gain
3.3.4 Network gain and coverage measurements in SFN
4 Layer definition
5 Broadcasters’ requirements
5.1 Service area requirements
5.2 Coverage requirements
5.3 Operational/Network requirements
6 Implementation of the transmitter network
6.1 Coordination
6.2 Conformity with the Plan Entry
6.3 Self interference
6.4 Transmitter synchronisation
6.5 Frequency synchronisation
6.6 Timing synchronisation
6.7 Effect of synchronisation loss
Part 2 SFN application and implementation of DVB-T, DVB-T2, ATSC 3.0 and DAB
system
1 Multipath capability of DVB‑T, DVB‑T2, ATSC 3.0 and DAB
1.1 General
1.2 Inter‑symbol interference
1.3 Guard interval
1.4 Contributing and interfering signal components with inter‑symbol
interference
2 FFT‑window synchronisation
2.1 General
2.2 Synchronisation strategies
2.3 Strongest signal
2.4 First signal above a threshold level
2.5 Centre of gravity
2.6 Quasi‑optimal
2.7 Maximum C/I
3 Site selection and management
4 Coverage and interference management
4.1 General
4.2 Wanted coverage prediction
4.3 Out‑going interference management
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Calculation of out‑going DAB interference
4.3.3 Calculation of out‑going DVB‑T/DVB-T2
and ATSC 3.0 interference
5 Post implementation of the network
5.1 Network coverage and improvement
5.2 Network problems
6 Impact of DVB‑T parameters on SFN performance
6.1 Constellation
6.2 Code rate
6.3 2k/8k FFT
6.4 Guard interval
6.5 Data rate versus guard interval
7 Impact of ATSC 3.0 parameters on SFN performance
7.1 Constellation
7.2 Code rate
7.3 8k/16k/32k FFT
7.4 Guard interval
7.5 Data rate versus guard interval
7.6 Robust co-channel interference tolerance
8 Distribution networks for SFNs
9 DVB-T case studies
9.1 National DVB-T SFN deployment in Italy
9.1.1 Example of a very large SFN: RAI multiplex A
9.1.2 Operating the network
9.1.3 SFN and propagation phenomena on the warm sea
9.1.4 SFN and propagation phenomena on the ground
9.1.5 SFN and reflection/scattering phenomena
9.1.6 Optimization of SFN – DFREE experience
9.1.7 Parameters details
9.1.8 Final technical considerations on SFN design
9.1.9 Examples of 1-SFN
9.1.10 Special applications for SFN
10 Overview
11 Spectral efficiency and spectrum consumption of DVB-T2 networks
11.1 Spectral efficiency and spectrum consumption
11.2 Spectral efficiency of DVB-T2
11.3 Layer spectrum efficiency of DVB-T2
11.4 Re-use distances for DVB-T2 networks
12 DVB‑T2 Lite
13 DVB-T2 and DVB-T2 Lite case studies
13.1 Theoretical study on maximum achievable data rates for large
DVB T2 SFN areas
13.1.1 Introduction
13.1.2 Planning parameters and network structure
13.1.3 DVB‑T2 modes
13.1.4 Maximum data rate to cover large areas with DVB‑T2
theoretical SFNs for mobile, portable and fixed reception
13.1.5 Minimum required guard interval for various inter‑site
distances and C/N values
13.1.6 Summary and conclusions
13.2 DVB-T2 and DVB-T2 Lite: Experimental tests in Italy (Aosta
Valley)
DVB-T2 Base
DVB-T2 Lite
13.3 Case study on large DVB-T2 SFN in Denmark
13.3.1 Introduction
13.3.2 Loss of capacity in an SFN
13.3.3 Size of SFN
13.3.4 Limitation in local/regional programming
13.3.5 Large (national) SFN, example of Denmark
13.3.6 How do spectrum requirements change with larger
SFNs?
13.4 Case study on DVB-T2 service areas in Sweden
13.4.1 Introduction
13.4.2 Parameters
13.4.3 Network planning
13.4.4 Population coverage calculation
13.4.5 Discussion
13.4.6 Conclusions
13.5 Practical DVB-T2 based scenarios exploring the interdependence
of coverage, capacity, transmission mode and network configuration
12.5.1 Methodology
13.5.2 Results
13.6 Case study on DVB-T2 MFN vs. SFN in the UK
13.6.1 Introduction
13.6.2 Background
13.6.3 Discussion
13.6.4 Summary
13.7 DVB-T/DVB-T2 planning exercise with limited spectrum resources
in the UK
13.8 Effect of sea path propagation – An example in the UK
13.8.1 Optimising the guard interval in a national SFN
13.8.2 Results and analysis
13.8.3 Summary
13.9 Optimisation of a DVB‑T2 SFN in Malaysia
13.10 DVB-T2 SFNs Networks and an Extended T2-MIP: a BBC study
14 Impact of DAB parameters on SFN performance
14.1 General
14.2 Constellation
14.3 Code rate
14.4 FFT
14.5 Guard interval
14.6 Data rate versus guard interval
15 DAB case studies
15.1 Italy implementation
15.1.1 DAB SFNs in Trentino Alto Adige region
15.1.2 Tests on DAB receivers
15.2 Static timing in the UK DAB network
15.3 Static timing in the Bavarian DAB+ network
Part 3 SFN application and implementation of ISDB system
1 Principle of SFN reception
2 Case study for Japan
3 Design of SFN
3.1 Site location
3.2 Effective radiation power
3.3 Antenna radiation pattern
3.4 Transmission timing adjustment
3.5 Tools for network design
Part 4 SFN application and implementation of DTMB system
1 Overview
2 Case study for DTMB
2.1 Local area SFN
2.1.1 Deployment of DTMB in Single Frequency Network of
Hong Kong
Annex A SFN Transmitting Stations completed by the end of 2009
Annex B
Annex C
Annex D
Annex E Location of the Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) stations and the
estimated coverage (January 2011)
2.1.2 Deployment of DTMB SFN in Shanghai
2.2 Deployment of DTMB SFN based on satellite program distribution networks
2.2.1 System structure
2.2.2 Satellite distribution networks
2.2.3 SFN adapter
2.2.4 Laboratory and field tests
2.2.5 Conclusion
2.3 Synchronization scheme of DTMB SFN using IEEE1588v2 standard
and time of days
2.3.1 Introduction
2.3.2 General
2.3.3 System structure
2.3.4 Time distribution network
2.3.5 SFN adapter
2.3.6 Lab test
2.3.7 Field test
2.3.8 Conclusion
2.4 Large area single frequency network optimization method
2.4.1 Overview
2.4.2 Single frequency network optimization
2.4.3 Field trial verification
2.4.4 Conclusion
Part 5 SFN application and implementation of DTMB-A system
1 SFN Field trial for DTMB-A
1.1 Background
1.2 Field trial structurer
1.3 Field trial result
1.4 Conclusions