Report ITU-R F.2472-0 (09/2019) Sharing and compatibility studies of HAPS systems in the fixed service in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range in Region 2
Foreword
Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR)
1 Introduction
2 Allocation information in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
3 Technical characteristics
     3.1 Technical and operational characteristics of HAPS systems operating in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
     3.2 Technical and operational characteristics of fixed service operating in the 25.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
     3.3 Technical and operational characteristics of Mobile Service operating in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
     3.4 Technical and operational characteristics of radionavigation service operating in the 24.25-24.65 GHz frequency range
     3.5 Technical and operational characteristics of Radiolocation-Satellite service operating in the 24.65-24.75 GHz frequency range
     3.6 Technical and operational characteristics of Inter Satellite service operating  in the 24.45-24.75 GHz and 25.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
     3.7 Technical and operational characteristics of Fixed Satellite service (Earth-to-space) operating in the 24.75-25.25 and 27-27.5 GHz frequency range
     3.8 Technical and operational characteristics of Earth Exploration-Satellite/Space Research Service operating in the 25.5-27 GHz frequency range
          3.8.1 NGSO Earth Exploration Satellite characteristics
          3.8.2 GSO Earth Exploration Satellite characteristics
          3.8.3 NGSO Space research service characteristics
          3.8.4 GSO Space research service characteristics
     3.9 Technical and operational characteristics of Aeronautical Mobile service operating in the 25.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
     3.10 Technical and operational characteristics of Radio Astronomy service operating in the 23.6-24 GHz frequency range
     3.11 Technical and operational characteristics of Earth Exploration-Satellite (passive) service operating in the 23.6-24 GHz frequency range
4 Sharing and Compatibility Studies
5 Abbreviations and acronyms
Annex 1  Sharing and compatibility of fixed service and HAPS systems operating in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
1 Technical analysis
     1.1 Study A
          1.1.1 Transmitting HAPS impact into FS receiving station
               1.1.1.1 Transmitting HAPS impact into FS receiving station: single entry
               1.1.1.2 Transmitting HAPS impact into FS receiving station: aggregate entry analysis
          1.1.2 Transmitting FS station impact into HAPS receiving ground station (systems 2 and 6)
               1.1.2.1 Transmitting FS station impact into HAPS receiving ground station (systems 2and 6)
               1.1.2.2 Transmitting FS station impact into FS receiving ground station
               1.1.2.3 Results
          1.1.3 Transmitting HAPS ground station impact into FS receiving ground station
               1.1.3.1 Transmitting HAPS ground station impact into FS receiving ground station
               1.1.3.2 Transmitting FS station impact into FS receiving station
               1.1.3.3 Results
2 Summary and analysis of the results of studies
Annex 2  Sharing and compatibility of Mobile Service and HAPS systems operating in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
1 Technical Analysis
     1.1 Study A
          1.1.1 Summary
          1.1.2 Introduction
          1.1.3 Methodology and Results – HAPS CPE/Gateway to IMT-2020
               1.1.3.1 Methodology – HAPS CPE/Gateway to IMT-2020
               1.1.3.2 Methodology – FS to IMT-2020
               1.1.3.3 Results
               1.1.3.4 Interference mitigation techniques
               1.1.3.5 Summary of HAPS ground terminal to IMT-2020
          1.1.4 Methodology and results – IMT-2020 to HAPS CPE
               1.1.4.1 Statistical method
               1.1.4.2 Summary of IMT-2020 to HAPS ground terminal
          1.1.5 Summary and analysis of the results of study A
     1.2 Study B
          1.2.1 Methodology and Results – HAPS CPE/Gateway to IMT-2020
               1.2.1.1 Methodology – HAPS CPE/Gateway to IMT-2020
               1.2.1.2 Methodology – FS to IMT-2020
               1.2.1.3 Results
               1.2.1.4 Interference mitigation techniques
               1.2.1.5 Summary of HAPS ground terminal to IMT-2020
          1.2.2 HAPS Platform to IMT-2020
               1.2.2.1 Summary
               1.2.2.2 HAPS to CPE impact on IMT-2020 base station (single entry analysis)
               1.2.2.3 HAPS to CPE impact on IMT-2020 User equipment (UE) (single entry analysis)
               1.2.2.4 Aggregate impact on MS receivers
               1.2.2.5 I/N exceedance statistical study
          Assumptions on the UE deployment considered for this study:
          1.2.3 IMT-2020 to HAPS CPE
               1.2.3.1 Statistical method
               1.2.3.2 Summary of IMT-2020 to HAPS ground terminal
          1.2.4 Summary and analysis of the results of Study B
     1.3 Study C
          1.3.1 Introduction
          1.3.2 Methodology
          1.3.3 Simulation scenarios
               1.3.3.1 HAPS to CPE (downlink) and IMT system
               1.3.3.2 GW to HAPS (uplink) and IMT system
               1.3.3.3 CPE to HAPS (uplink) and IMT system
          1.3.4 Power flux density
          1.3.5 Technical characteristics
               1.3.5.1 Technical and operational characteristics of HAPS systems operating in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
               1.3.5.2 Technical and operational characteristics of IMT-2020 systems operating in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
                    1.3.5.2.1 System-related parameters
                    1.3.5.2.2 Deployment-related parameters
               1.3.5.3 Propagation models for sharing and compatibility studies in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
          1.3.6 Derivation of PFD masks of IMT stations with respect to HAPS
          1.3.7 Derivation of PFD masks of IMT stations with respect to HAPS ground stations
          1.3.8 Monte Carlo simulation results
               1.3.8.1 Sharing and compatibility of IMT-2020 and HAPS operating in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
               1.3.8.2 Sharing and compatibility of IMT-2020 and HAPS gateways operating in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
               1.3.8.3 Sharing and compatibility of IMT-2020 and HAPS CPE’s operating in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
          1.3.9 Summary and analysis of the results of study C
     1.4 Study D
          1.4.1 Summary
          1.4.2 PFD Mask
          1.4.3 Deterministic study
               1.4.3.1 Interference scenarios from single HAPS
               1.4.3.2 Methodology to calculate interference pfd and simulation procedure
          Simulation procedure:
               1.4.3.3 Study results between HAPS systems and IMT-2020 system
          1.4.4 Monte-Carlo study
               1.4.4.1 Monte-Carlo methodology
               1.4.4.2 Study results between HAPS systems and IMT-2020 systems
          1.4.5 Summary and analysis of the results of study D
2 Summary and analysis of the results of studies
Annex 3  Sharing and compatibility Inter Satellite service and HAPS systems operating in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency ranges
1 Technical analysis
     1.1 Study A
          1.1.1 Interference Scenario
          1.1.2 HAPS (downlink) into ISS (24.45-24.75 GHz)
          ISS characteristics/deployment assumptions
          HAPS deployment assumptions
          1.1.3 HAPS ground stations (uplink) into ISS (25.25-27 GHz)
          1.1.4 HAPS (downlink) into ISS (27-27.5 GHz)
          1.1.5 Summary and analysis of the results of Study A
     1.2 Study B: interference from the transmitting HAPS ground station into receiving ISS space station operating in the band 24.45-24.75
          1.2.1 ISS satellite antenna pattern
          1.2.2 Single entry analysis
          1.2.3 Aggregate interference aspects
          1.2.4 Summary and analysis of the results of study B
     1.3 Study C
          1.3.1 Summary
          1.3.2 Studies on aggregate interference from the transmitting HAPS into ISS receiving space station
               1.3.2.1 Maximum system 2 HAPS antenna gain towards ISS satellite (HAPS to CPE)
               1.3.2.2 Maximum system 2 HAPS station e.i.r.p density above −4.6  elevation
               1.3.2.3 Proposed maximum HAPS e.i.r.p density towards ISS satellite receivers
          1.3.3 Studies on aggregate interference from the transmitting HAPS ground station into ISS receiving space station operating in the frequency band 25.25-27.5 GHz
               1.3.3.1 Technical characteristics
               1.3.3.2 Technical analysis
               1.3.3.3 Result analysis and conclusion
          1.3.4 Summary and analysis of the results of study C
     1.4 Study D
          1.4.1 Interference Scenario
          1.4.2 Determining limits to protect ISS GSO systems
          1.4.3 Determining minimum separation angle
2 Summary and analysis of the results of studies
Annex 4  Sharing and compatibility of fixed satellite service (Earth-to-space) and HAPS systems operating in the 24.75-25.25 and 27-27.5 GHz frequency range
1 Technical analysis
     1.1 Study A
          1.1.1 Summary
          1.1.2 Introduction
          1.1.3 Methodology and results – HAPS Platform (CPE) to FSS
               1.1.3.1 HAPS e.i.r.p. towards FSS satellite receivers
               1.1.3.2 Summary of HAPS to FSS satellite
          1.1.4 Methodology and results – FSS Earth Station to HAPS CPE
               1.1.4.1 Statistical method
               1.1.4.2 Summary of FSS Earth Station to HAPS ground terminals
          1.1.5 Summary and analysis of the results of Study A
     1.2 Study B
          1.2.1 Summary
          1.2.2 Studies on aggregate interference from the transmitting HAPS into receiving space station
               1.2.2.1 Maximum average system 1 HAPS antenna gain towards FSS satellite (HAPS to CPE)
               1.2.2.2 Maximum system 2 HAPS station e.i.r.p. density above 0  elevation
               1.2.2.3 Proposed maximum HAPS e.i.r.p. density towards FSS satellite receivers
          1.2.3 Studies on interference from the transmitting FSS Earth station into receiving HAPS ground station
               1.2.3.1 Transmitting FSS Earth station impact into HAPS receiving ground station (24.75-25.25 GHz and 27-27.5 GHz)
               1.2.3.2 Transmitting FSS Earth station impact into FS receiving ground station (24.75-25.25 GHz and 27-27.5 GHz)
               1.2.3.3 Results
          1.2.4 Studies on aggregate interference from the transmitting HAPS station into receiving FSS space station
               1.2.4.1 Technical characteristics
               1.2.4.2 Technical analysis
               1.2.4.3 Result analysis and conclusion
          1.2.5 Summary and analysis of the results of study B
     1.3 Study C
          1.3.1 Introduction
          1.3.2 Background
          1.3.3 Technical characteristics
          1.3.4 Methodology
          1.3.5 Calculation of aggregate interference at FSS-SS station – Platform (CPE link) to GSO FSS satellite in the 24.75-25.25 GHz and 27-27.5 GHz frequency bands
          1.3.6 Summary and analysis of the results of study C
     1.4 Study D
          1.4.1 Introduction
          1.4.2 FSS earth stations parameters
          1.4.3 HAPS systems parameters
          1.4.4 HAPS interference criteria
          1.4.5 Apportionment of interference allowance
          1.4.6 Methodology for sharing studies
          1.4.7 Results of interference from FSS transmit earth station into HAPS Receive Gateway for the 24.25-27.5 GHz band
               1.4.7.1 HAPS I/N protection criteria of -10 dB to be exceeded for no more than 20% time
               1.4.7.2 HAPS I/N protection criteria of +10 dB to be exceeded for no more than 0.01% time
          1.4.8 Conclusion
2 Summary and analysis of the results of studies
     2.1 HAPS ground station into FSS space station receiver
     2.2 HAPS into FSS space station receiver
     2.3 FSS Earth station into HAPS ground station Receiver
Annex 5  Sharing and compatibility of Earth exploration-satellite/Space research service and HAPS systems operating in the 25.5-27 GHz frequency range
1 Technical analysis
     1.1 Study A: EESS/SRS in-band ground receivers
          1.1.1 Summary
          1.1.2 Analysis
          1.1.3 Methodology and results – HAPS Gateway/CPE to EESS/SRS
               1.1.3.1 EESS and SRS pfd limit
               1.1.3.2 Statistical method
               1.1.3.3 Interference mitigation techniques
          1.1.4 Summary and analysis of the results of Study A
     1.2 Study B
          1.2.1 Summary
          1.2.2 HAPS system characteristics used in Study B
          1.2.3 EESS/SRS system characteristics used in Study B
          1.2.4 Determination of required separation distances for protection of EESS/SRS earth stations from HAPS downlinks
               1.2.4.1 Separation Distance to protect Alaska Science Facility earth station from HAPS-CPE downlinks
               1.2.4.2 Separation Distance from to protect Pasadena earth station from HAPS downlinks
               1.2.4.3 Separation distance to protect WSC earth station from HAPS downlinks
               1.2.4.4 Separation distance to protect Goldstone earth station from HAPS-CPE downlinks
               1.2.4.5 Summary of separation distances for protection from HAPS downlinks
          1.2.5 Determination of required separation distances for protection of EESS/SRS earth stations from HAPS uplinks
          1.2.6 Summary and analysis of the separation distance results
     1.3 Study C
          1.3.1 Methodology used
          1.3.2 EESS/SRS parameters used
          1.3.3 HAPS parameters used
          1.3.4 Calculation results
          1.3.5 Summary and analysis of the results of study C
     1.4 Study D
          1.4.1 Conditions for sharing with EESS (s-E) and SRS (s-E)
          1.4.2 Analysis of PFD constraints to protect EESS/SRS earth stations from HAPS systems
          1.4.3 Gain patterns for EESS and SRS antennas in the 25.5-27 GHz band
          1.4.4 HAPS PFD constraints to protect SRS and EESS earth stations
2 Summary and analysis of the results of studies
Annex 6  Compatibility study of radio astronomy service in the 23.6-24 GHz band and HAPS systems operating in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
1 Technical Analysis
     1.1 Study A
          1.1.1 Summary
          1.1.2 Introduction
          1.1.3 RAS pfd limit for HAPS ground stations
     1.2 Study B: Impact of HAPS station into RAS
          1.2.1 The HAPS system
          1.2.2 Out-of-band HAPS transmitter output filter
          1.2.3 Adaptive power control
          1.2.4 Analysis
2 Summary and analysis of the results of studies
     2.1 HAPS CPE and gateways uplinks
     2.2 HAPS downlinks
Annex 7  Compatibility of Earth-exploration satellite service in the adjacent band 23.6-24 GHz and HAPS systems operating  in the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency range
1 Technical analysis
     1.1 Study A
          1.1.1 Summary
          1.1.2 Interference from HAPS ground terminal towards EESS (passive)
          1.1.3 Summary of HAPS ground terminal to EESS (passive)
          1.1.4 Summary and analysis of the results of study A
     1.2 Study B
          1.2.1 Methodology used
          1.2.2 EESS (passive) parameters used
          1.2.3 HAPS parameters used
          1.2.4 Calculation results
          1.2.5 Summary and analysis of the results of study B
     1.3 Study C
          1.3.1 Background
          1.3.2 Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) protection criteria
          1.3.3 Description of analysis methodology and simulation parameters
          1.3.4 Study C static analysis description
          1.3.5 Study C Dynamic Analysis Description
          1.3.6 Uplink Analysis of HAPS System 6 and EESS (passive) sensors
          1.3.7 Downlink analysis of HAPS System 6 and EESS (passive)
          1.3.8 Uplink and Downlink analysis results for Study C
     1.4 Study D
          1.4.1 Analysis
          1.4.2 Results
     1.5 Study E
          1.5.1 Methodology used
          1.5.2 EESS (passive) parameters used
          1.5.3 HAPS parameters used
          1.5.4 Calculation results
          1.5.5 Summary and analysis of the results of Study E
2 Summary and analysis of the results of studies