Report ITU-R M.2541-0
Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR)
1 Introduction
2 Scope
3 ITU Related documents
4 Radio wave propagation in
bands above 100 GHz
4.1 Radio channel
characteristics
4.1.1 Basic
transmission loss (path loss)
4.1.2 Atmospheric
loss
4.1.3 Blocking
loss and other losses
4.1.4 Channel
sparsity
4.1.5 Channel
non-stationarity
4.1.6 Near-field
effect
4.1.7 Scattering
characteristic
4.2 Activities on
radiocommunication channel characteristics and modelling
4.2.1 Frequency
around 100 GHz
4.2.2 Frequency
range 140-160 GHz
4.2.3 Frequency
range 220-240 GHz
4.2.4 Frequency
around 300 GHz
5 Characteristics of IMT in
bands above 100 GHz
5.1 Outdoor-to-outdoor
coverage
5.2 Outdoor-to-indoor
coverage
5.3 Indoor-to-indoor
coverage
5.4 Mobility
5.5 Impact of
bandwidth
6 Enabling technologies
toward IMT in bands above 100 GHz
6.1 Antenna technology
6.1.1 Photo-conductive
lens antenna
6.1.2 Reflect-array
and transmit-array
6.1.3 Metasurfaces
6.1.4 Nano-photodetectors
6.1.5 Antenna-on-chip
and antenna-in-package
6.1.6 Miniaturized
antenna
6.1.7 Feeder
line technologies for active antenna system
6.2 Semiconductor
technology
6.3 Material
technology
6.4 MIMO and
beamforming
6.4.1 Directional
antennas and pencil beamforming
6.4.2 Distributed
arrays
6.4.3 Beam-tracking
6.4.4 Ultra-massive
MIMO
6.4.5 RIS-aided
beamforming
6.4.6 Large
intelligent surfaces and beam focusing
6.4.7 Wavefront
engineering
6.4.8 Localization
with RIS-assisted beamforming
7 Deployment scenarios and
architectures
7.1 Use cases for IMT
in bands above 100 GHz
7.2 Deployment
scenarios
7.2.1 Hot
spot deployments
7.2.2 Industrial
networks
7.2.3 Autonomous
vehicles and smart railway networks
7.2.4 Indoor
D2D
7.3 Deployment
architecture
7.3.1 Overlay
network architecture
7.3.2 Wireless
backhaul
8 Conclusions
References
Acronyms and abbreviations
Annex 1 Summary worldwide measurement campaigns
A1.1 Measurement
campaigns
A1.2 References
Annex 2 Channel characterization study on frequency band 140 GHz, 220
GHz and 300 GHz
A2.1 Introduction
A2.2 Channel
measurement campaign
A2.2.1 Channel
sounder configuration
A2.2.2 Environment
and measurement deployment
A2.3 Measurement
results
A2.3.1 Pathloss
model for indoor LOS scenarios at 140GHz and 220GHz
A2.3.2 Propagation
analysis for indoor NLoS scenarios at 220 GHz
A2.3.3 Path
loss model for an outdoor urban scenario at 220 GHz
A2.3.4 Propagation
analysis at 300 GHz
A2.3.5 Channel
characterization at 300 GHz in indoor hallway and indoor corridor
A2.4 Conclusion
A2.5 References
Annex 3 Channel characteristics on frequency band 100 GHz and 220 GHz
to 330 GHz in indoor scenario and 132 GHz in urban microcellular scenario
A3.1 Introduction
A3.2 Channel
measurement campaign
A3.2.1 Channel
sounder configuration
A3.2.2 Environment
and measurement deployment
A3.3 Measurement
results
A3.3.1 Pathloss
model
A3.3.2 Root-mean-square
delay spread
A3.3.3 Azimuth
angle spread of arrival and other parameters for indoor office scenario at
100 GHz
A3.4 Conclusion
A3.5 References
Annex 4 Channel measurement results for both LoS and NLoS (non-LoS)
links in outdoor urban environments
A4.1 Introduction
A4.2 Measurement
equipment and site
A4.2.1 Testbed
description
A4.2.2 Site
description
A4.3 Measurement
results
A4.3.1 Measurement
parameters
A4.3.2 LoS
measurements
A4.3.3 NLoS
measurements
A4.4 Conclusion
A4.5 References
Annex 5 Basic transmission loss study on frequency band from 2 GHz to
300 GHz bands in urban microcell scenario
A5.1 Introduction
A5.2 Measurement
campaign
A5.2.1 Measurement
system setup
A5.2.2 Environment
and measurement deployment
A5.3 Measurement
Results
A5.4 Summary
A5.5 References
Annex 6 Channel measurement campaign performed in an urban micro and
in an indoor scenario at 158 GHz and 300 GHz
A6.1 Introduction
A6.2 Channel sounder
A6.3 Measurement
scenario
A6.4 Discussion of
first results
A6.5 References
Annex 7 Study on the dependence of rain attenuation on the rain drop
dimension
Annex 8 159 GHz measurements and characteristics in an urban
street-canyon and indoor office environments
A8.1 Introduction
A8.2 Measurement
campaign
A8.2.1 Measurement
equipment
A8.2.2 Measurement
scenarios
A8.3 Analysis results
A8.3.1 Outdoor
urban street-canyon environment
A8.3.2 Indoor
office environment
A8.4 Summary
A8.5 References
Annex 9 Study on the effect of reflected waves at 160 GHz and 300 GHz
in an indoor corridor
A9.1 Introduction
A9.2 Measurement
campaign
A9.2.1 Measurement
system configuration
A9.2.2 Environment
and measurement deployment
A9.3 Measurement results
A9.4 Summary
A9.5 References
Annex 10 Study on the angle of arrival at 160 GHz and 300 GHz in an
indoor conference room
A10.1 Introduction
A10.2 Measurement
campaign
A10.2.1 Measurement
system configuration
A10.2.2 Environment
and measurement deployment
A10.3 Measurement
results
A10.4 Summary
A10.5 References
Annex 11 Sub-THz propagation measurement campaign at 142 GHz in an
outdoor urban environment
A11.1 Introduction
A11.2 Measurement
equipment and locations
A11.2.1 Channel
sounder description
A11.2.2 Measurement
locations and procedures
A11.3 Measurement
results
A11.3.1 Path
loss model
A11.3.2 Spatial
and angular spreads
A11.4 Conclusion
A11.5 References
Annex 12 Field test of communication prototype in the 220 GHz band
A12.1 Test case A: Test
field at short-distance (< 100 m)
A12.2 Test case B: Test
field at mid-distance (~500 m)
A12.3 Test case C: Test
field at long-distance (~km)
A12.4 Conclusion
A12.5 References
Annex 13 Pathloss study on frequency band 140 GHz in an indoor data
centre
A13.1 Introduction
A13.2 Channel
measurement campaign
A13.2.1 Channel
sounder
A13.2.2 Environment
and measurement deployment
A13.3 Pathloss model
A13.4 Conclusion
A13.5 References
Annex 14 Terahertz channel measurement and characterization on a
desktop from 75 to 400 GHz
A14.1 Introduction
A14.2 Channel
measurement campaigns
A14.2.1 Configuration
of measurement campaigns
A14.2.2 System
calibration
A14.2.3 System
parameters
A14.3 THz channel
characterization and analysis
A14.3.1 Power
delay profile
A14.3.2 RMS
delay spread
A14.3.3 Rician
K-factor
A14.4 References
Annex 15 A case study for sub-THz channel modelling
A15.1 Introduction
A15.2 Sub-THz channel
modelling requirements
A15.3 The modelling
scenario
A15.3.1 Motivation
A15.3.2 Objectives
A15.4 The need for theoretical/stochastic
channel modelling
A15.5 Conclusion
A15.6 References
Annex 16 Channel measurement campaign for the indoor hotspot office
channels at 142 GHz
A16.1 Introduction
A16.2 Measurement
equipment and locations
A16.2.1 Channel
sounder description
A16.2.2 Measurement
locations and procedures
A16.3 Measurement
results
A16.3.1 Path
loss model
A16.3.2 Spatial
and angular spreads
A16.4 Conclusion
A16.5 References
Annex 17 Measurements of building penetration loss at 2, 26, 97 and 158
GHz
A17.1 Introduction
A17.2 Measurement
A17.2.1 Measurement
system setup
A17.2.2 Measurement
deployment
A17.3 Measurement
results
A17.4 Summary
A17.5 References
Annex 18 Study on the angle of arrival at 300 GHz in an indoor office
A18.1 Introduction
A18.2 Measurement
campaign
A18.2.1 Measurement
system configuration
A18.2.2 Environment
and Measurement Deployment
A18.3 Measurement
results
A18.4 Summary
A18.5 References
Annex 19 Study on properties of path loss and cross-polarization
characteristics at 300 GHz in indoor environment
A19.1 Introduction
A19.2 Measurement
campaign
A19.2.1 Measurement
system configuration
A19.2.2 Antennas
A19.2.3 Environment
and measurement deployment
A19.3 Measurement
results
A19.3.1 Path
loss and cross-polarization characteristics
A19.3.2 Effects
of blockage by the human body
A19.3.3 Delay
spread calculation using ray tracing simulation
A19.4 Summary
A19.5 References
Annex 20 Sub-THz wireless channel field measurements: a study at 140
GHz
A20.1 Introduction
A20.2 Channel sounder
methodology
A20.2.1 Channel
sounder design
A20.2.2 Channel
sounder design details
A20.2.3 Channel
sounder calibration
A20.3 Experimental
results
A20.3.1 Indoor
office environment
A20.3.2 Bridgewater,
NJ Campus Foliage loss measurements
A20.4 Coverage
implications
A20.4.1 Indoor
NLoS path loss implications
A20.4.2 Foliage
loss implications
A20.5 Conclusion
A20.6 References
Annex 21 Outdoor propagation measurements at 96 GHz
A21.1 Introduction
A21.2 Measurement setup
A21.3 Analysis
A21.4 Results
A21.5 Conclusions
A21.6 Comparing pathloss
with stochastic models
Annex 22 Sub-THz propagation measurement campaigns at 143 GHz in two
indoor scenarios
A22.1 Introduction
A22.2 Measurement
campaign
A22.2.1 Measurement
set-up and procedure
A22.2.2 Scenarios
and measurement deployment
A22.3 Measurement
results
A22.3.1 Measurement
results for the open area with adjacent conference rooms
A22.3.2 Measurement
results for the open office scenario
A22.4 Summary
A22.5 References