1 Summary
2 Introduction
3 Properties of noise to
be measured
4 Measurement
method/algorithms
4.1
Receivers
and detectors
4.2
Selecting
a frequency
4.3
Collecting
the noise containing samples (swept or single frequency measurement)
4.4
Selecting
the noise containing samples
4.4.1
Determining
the percentage
4.4.2
Validation
of the chosen percentage
4.4.3
Calculating
the average noise level
4.5
Correcting
for equipment noise
4.6
Correcting
for 20% or x% values
4.7
Correcting
for antenna (K) factor differences in scanning measurements
4.8
Correcting
for filter shape/bandwidth
4.9
Plotting
the results
4.10
Alternative
method
5 Required equipment
specifications
5.1
Receiver
specifications
5.2
r.m.s.
or average detector
5.3
Sensitivity
5.4
Input
impedance
5.5
Spurious
radiation
5.6
LNA
and preselectors
5.7
Cables,
cable routers and connectors
5.8
Feeder
identification, terminations and grounding
5.9
Sealing
5.10
Inspection
for moisture
6 Antenna systems
6.1
Introduction
6.2
Antenna
properties
6.2.1
Calculation
of the antenna factor (K-factor)
6.2.2
Gain
versus frequency (bandwidth and compensation)
6.2.3
Measurement
sensitivity matters
6.3
Required
properties of LNAs
6.4
Methods
of calibration of the antenna factor
6.4.1
Using
a laboratory calibrated measuring antenna
6.4.2
Using
simulation tools
6.5
Field
strength over ground or free space field strength
6.6
Stability
(dependency on ground properties)
6.7
Long-term
stability
6.8
Integrity
testing
6.9
Input
impedance and measurement error
6.10
Wind
loading
6.11
Wind
vibration
6.12
Degradation
of antenna performance
6.13
Examples
(possible antennas for noise measurements)
6.13.1
German
quad
6.13.2
Inverted
V
6.13.3
Monopole
6.13.4
Loop
antennas
7 Measurement conditions
and site survey
7.1
Initial
site survey and antenna selection
7.2
Calibration
and static site survey
8 Format for the exchange
of measurement data
8.1
Common
interchange format
8.1.1
Header
section
8.1.2
Data
section
8.1.3
Example
files
8.2
Transfer
software
8.3
Presentation
of data
8.4
Correlation
of multiple 24 h plots/periods
8.5
365
day plots
9 Measurement accuracy
9.1
Calibration
uncertainty of measurement antenna
9.2
Mismatch
between receiver antenna and LNA
9.3
Gain
accuracy of LNA
9.4
Accuracy
of external attenuator
9.5
Calibration
uncertainty of receiver/analyser
9.6
Accuracy of the noise source to
determine the correction factors
9.7
Total
measurement uncertainty
Bibliography
Annex 1 - K-factor
calculations