Annex 1 Evaluating fields from
terrestrial broadcasting transmitting systems
operating in any frequency band for assessing exposure to non‑ionizing radiation
1 Introduction
2 Characteristics of electromagnetic fields
2.1 General field characteristics
2.1.1 Field components
2.1.2 Far field
2.1.3 Near field
2.1.4 Polarization
2.1.5 Modulation
2.1.6 Interference patterns
2.2 Field-strength levels near broadcasting antennas
2.2.1 LF/MF bands (150-1 605
kHz)
2.2.2 HF bands (3-30 MHz)
2.2.3 VHF/UHF bands (30 MHz-3 GHz)
2.2.4 SHF (3‑30 GHz)
2.3 Mixed frequency field
2.4 EMF inside buildings
3 Calculation
3.1 Procedures
3.1.1 Closed solutions
3.1.2 Numerical procedures
4 Measurements
4.1 Procedures
4.1.1 LF/MF bands
4.1.2 HF bands
4.1.3 VHF/UHF bands
4.1.4 SHF bands
4.2 Instruments
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Characteristics of
the measurement instruments for electric and magnetic field
4.2.3 Narrow‑band instrument types and
specifications
4.3 Comparison between predictions and measurements
5 Precautions at transmitting stations and in their vicinity
5.1 Precautions to control the direct health effects of RF radiation
5.1.1 Employee (occupational) precautionary measures
5.1.2 Precautionary measures in relation to the
general public
5.2 Precautions to control indirect RF radiation hazards
Appendix 1 to Annex 1 Examples of calculated field strengths near
broadcasting antennas
1 Example A – Electric and magnetic field-strength plots
2 Example B – Determination of the magnetic field strength in the near
field zone of high-power MF/LF antennas
3 Example C – Near electromagnetic field of HF transmitting curtain
antennas
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Numerical analysis of wire structures
3.3 Near electric and magnetic fields of curtain antennas
4 Conclusions
Appendix 2 to Annex 1 Comparison between predictions and
measurements
1 Foreword
1.1 Model used for antenna system
1.2 Advantages and limitations of the implemented model of antenna system
2 Comparison between prediction and measurements
2.1 13 MHz
2.1.1 Predictions
2.1.2 Measurements
2.2 18 MHz
2.2.1 Predictions
2.2.2 Measurements
2.3 Comparison between measurements and predictions of the field strength in
the near zone
2.3.1 13 MHz
2.3.2 18 MHz
3 Conclusions
Appendix 3 to Annex 1 Limits and levels
1 Regulatory and advisory authorities on health aspects
2 Comparison of basic limits and derived levels from widely used
regulations
2.1 Comparison of basic biological limits
2.2 Comparison of
derived limit levels for E, H and power flux limits at various frequencies
3 Field‑strength values to be determined
4 Numerical procedures and calculation of EMF quantities
5 List of some national regulations
5.1 Administrations
5.1.1 Australia
5.1.2 Brazil
5.1.3 France
5.1.4 Germany
5.1.5 Italy
5.1.6 New Zealand
5.1.7 United States of
America
5.1.8 Vatican City State
5.1.9 Japan
6 List of some Regulatory and Advisory bodies
6.1 Electronic Components Commitee,
Comité des composants électroniques, CENELEC [6]
6.2 German Commission for Electrical and Electronic Information
technologies, DKE
6.3 European Union, EU –Recommendation from the Council of the European
Union, L 199, 12 July 1999
6.4 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer/ American National
Standards Institute (IEEE/ANSI)
6.5 International Commission on non-ionizing radiation (ICNIRP)
6.6 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
6.7 World Health Organization (WHO)
6.8 National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)
6.9 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
Appendix 4 to Annex 1
Additional evaluation methods
1 Dosimetry
2 SAR measurement
2.1 Electric field measurement
2.2 Temperature measurement
2.3 Calorimetric measurement
3 Body current measurement
3.1 Induced body currents
3.2 Contact current measurement
3.3 Touch voltage measurement
Appendix 5 to Annex 1
Electromedical devices
1 Electromedical devices
1.1 Implanted and portable devices
Appendix 6 to Annex 1 References