CONTENTS

Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR)     ii
RECOMMENDATION  ITU-R  P.531-10     1
Ionospheric propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of satellite services and systems     1
Scope     1
Annex 1     2
1 Introduction  2
2 Background  2
3 Prime degradations due to background ionizations  3
        3.1 TEC   3
                  3.1.1 IRI-based method  3
                  3.1.2 NeQuick-based method  3
                  3.1.3 Model accuracy  4
        3.2 Faraday rotation  4
        3.3     Group delay  5
        3.4     Dispersion  5
        3.5     TEC rate of change  5
4 Principal degradation due to irregularities  7
        4.1 Scintillation  7
        4.2     Geographic, seasonal and solar dependence of scintillations  9
        4.3     Ionospheric scintillation model 9
        4.4     Instantaneous statistics and spectrum behaviour 10
                  4.4.1     Instantaneous statistics  10
                  4.4.2 Spectrum behaviour 11
        4.5     Geometric consideration  11
                  4.5.1     Zenith angle dependence  11
                  4.5.2     Seasonal-longitudinal dependence  11
        4.6     Cumulative statistics  15
        4.7 Simultaneous occurrence of ionospheric scintillation and rain fading  15
        4.8     Gigahertz scintillation model 16
 5     Absorption  18
        5.1     Auroral absorption  19
        5.2     Polar cap absorption  19
 6     Summary  20