1
Introduction
2 References
3 Echo control in
telecommunication networks
3.1 Echo control devices
3.2 General echo control
considerations from a PSTN perspective
3.3 Additional echo
control considerations from the perspective of interconnected networks (e.g., private networks,
the Internet)
3.4 Application-related
echo control considerations
3.5 Voiceband data modem
constraints
4 Application rules and
operational constraints
4.1 Public network
transmission planning
4.2 Delay considerations
4.3 Provisioning of the
echo path capacity and echo path characteristics
4.4 Echo canceller
transmission planning for multiple interconnected networks (e.g., public,
private, Internet)
5 Network and service
evolutionary considerations
5.1 Bit transparency of
echo cancellers
5.2 Non-linearities and
time variant effects in the echo path
5.3 Low bit-rate coding
between tandem cancellers
5.4 Tandeming of Echo
Cancellers
5.5 Convergence speed
5.6 Acoustic echo control
and environments
5.7 New circuit-switched service
5.8 Comfort noise
6 Special CME
networking considerations
6.1 Detailed interaction
6.2 Possible solutions
Appendix
I – Echo path dispersion time
I.1 Echo-path characteristics from measurements in North
America
Appendix
II – Multiple Tail Circuits
II.1 Multiple tails in a
typical bridged telephone call (North America)