1
Introduction
2 Scope
3 References
4 Terms and definitions
5 Abbreviations
6 Access Network
7 Scenarios
7.1 Scenario 1 – A few single
terminals connected to a National network via a VSAT network
7.2 Scenario 2 – Several end users attached to
the Remote Interface Unit
7.3 Scenario 3 – Geographically
distributed multiple user outstations
7.4 Scenario 4 – Extension of previous
scenarios to include accesses to multiple main networks
7.5 Scenario 5 – Connection via a
Remote PBX
7.6 Scenario 6 – Inclusion of a Local
PBX
7.6.1 Considerations relating to isolated digital transmission components
7.7 Scenario 7 – PBXs at both ends
8 General issues
8.1 Transmission planning
8.2 Echoes
8.3 Digital encoding of voiceband
signals
8.4 Remote station technology
8.5 Multiple public networks
9 Interconnection policy
10 Interconnection to National Telephone networks at the lowest level of
the national transit network, the Local exchange
11 Local Exchange analogue ports
11.1 Local Exchange basic parameters
11.2 Digital ports
12 Transmission planning
12.1 Introduction of VSATs into the
Access network
12.2 Transmission impairments
12.2.1 General noise and interference
12.2.2 Quantizing noise
12.3 Transmission levels
12.3.1 The National Transmission Plan
12.3.2 Selection of Loss in a VSAT system
12.3.3 Signal-to-Quantization Distortion ratio
12.4 Attenuation frequency distortion
12.5 Group delay frequency distortion
12.6 Crosstalk
12.6.1 Crosstalk parameters
12.7 Stability
12.8 Echo considerations
12.9 Clipping
12.9.1 Front-end clipping
12.9.2 Temporal clipping
12.9.3 Power level clipping
13 "Permission to Connect" requirements for private networks
14 Remote terminal penetration enhancement
techniques
15 Management
15.1 Operations and maintenance
16 Availability
17 Commissioning
18 Numbering issues
19 The Network Operator's perspective
19.1 Billing
19.2 Routine testing
19.3 Payphone support
19.4 Call set-up times
19.5 Special services support
Annex A – Organization of annexes
Annex B – The analogue 2-wire port facing the exchange
within Europe
B.1 Introduction and methodology
B.2 Identification of the states of
the Terminal Equipment (TE)
B.2.1 TE allowed basic states
B.3 d.c. characteristics
B.3.1 Contents
B.3.2 Central Battery Exchange Systems
B.3.3 Insulation resistance
B.3.4 d.c. conditions in the loop state
B.3.5 Overload susceptibility
B.4 Voiceband signal transmission
characteristics
B.4.1 Input impedance of the TE
B.4.2 Multi-parameter Balance requirements
B.4.3 Voiceband signal/frequency characteristics of the TE
B.4.4 Maximum signal levels at the TE
B.4.5 Noise
B.4.6 Immunity to out-of-band signalling
B.4.7 National limits on the level of signals sent to line
B.5 The calling function
B.5.1 Detection of the dialling reception state of the exchange
B.5.2 Dialling with MFPB (DTMF)
B.5.3 Automatic calling precautions
B.6 The answering function
B.6.1 Ringing detectors
B.6.2 Automatic answering function
B.6.3 Loss of signal
B.6.4 Automatic terminals with network-tone detectors
B.6.5 Power failure
B.7 Connection methods
B.8 Frequencies for customer's meter
operation
Annex C – European network tones
C.1 Dial tones
C.2 Ringing tones
C.3 Busy tones
C.4 Congestion tones
C.5 Special information tones
C.6 Call in progress tone
C.7 Tones for other purposes
Annex D
D.1 Analogue 4-wire interfaces to a public
network
Annex E – Remote user network interface
E.1 Scope
E.2 References
E.3 Abbreviations
E.4 Introduction
E.5 Requirements
E.5.1 Line characteristics
E.5.2 d.c. characteristics requirements in the quiescent state
E.5.3 Requirements in the Loop state
E.5.4 Requirements in the ringing state
E.6 Transmission characteristics
E.7 Metering
E.7.1 Frequency
E.7.2 Level
E.8 Payphone option
Annex F – Telephone network interfacing in the United
States of America
F.1 Introduction
F.2 References
F.3 Abbreviations
F.4 d.c. conditions
F.4.1 Battery supply
F.4.2 Battery connections at a 4-wire interface
F.5 Interface states
F.5.1 Idle state
F.5.2 Service Request state
F.5.3 Addressing state
F.5.4 Call Processing state
F.5.5 Ringing and Alerting state
F.5.6
Communication state