1 Introduction
2 Scope
3 Abbreviations and acronyms
4 Overview
4.1 Water quality parameters
4.2 Meters and sensors
4.3 Water sensing and early warning system
5 Current sensing technologies
5.1 Optical sensing technologies
5.2 Electrochemical sensing technologies
5.3 Mass spectrometry for water micro-pollutants
5.4 Sensors based on sound and electromagnetic field interaction
5.5 Further challenges and possible solutions in developing real‑time
water monitoring platform
6 Early warning systems
6.1 Predicting and decision making
6.2 Communication of information
6.3 System policy
7 Conclusions
Bibliography