CONTENTS

 1     Scope        
 2     References             
 3     Definitions
 4     Abbreviations and acronyms           
 5     Conventions           
 6     Background            
 7     National approaches to deal effectively with spam and associated threats     
 8     International (multilateral) countering spam initiatives        
        8.1     London Action Plan   
        8.2     OECD Spam Toolkit and Council Recommendation on Spam Enforcement Cooperation    
        8.3     APEC TEL Symposium on spam           
 9     Case study of some activities to counter spam          
        9.1     United States             
        9.2     Japan            
Bibliography