Page 43 - ITU Journal Future and evolving technologies – Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies, Volume 2 (2021), Issue 2

400 400
ABD2D-BM
350 ABD2D
350
DBD2D-BM
DBD2D
300 300 DBCA+HCA
Mean Offloading 250 Mean Offloading 250
MPCC
200

150 ABD2D-BM 200
ABD2D
DBD2D-BM 150
100 DBD2D
DBCA+HCA
MPCC
50 100
1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 75 90
MP Duration (ms) Number of HUs
Fig. 8 – Mean of loading for varying MP duration Fig. 10 – Mean of loading for different number of HUs
Fig. 8 is the average of loading for varying MP dura‑
tions. The of loading performance of the ABD2D pro‑ 7 ABD2D-BM
cedure looks promising in both latency and of loading. 6.5 ABD2D
DBD2D-BM
It performs identically to DBCA+HCA for MP duration 6 DBD2D
longer than 2 ms. On the other hand, for DBD2D even 20 5.5
ms is inadequate for convergence. The large difference
(≈ 200 units) between ABD2D and ABD2D‑BM and MPCC 5
is due to clustering and cache placement in ABD2D. Number of Beacons for Unit Offloading 4.5 4

6.5 6 ABD2D-BM 3.5 3
Number of Beacons for Unit Offloading 4.5 5 4 Fig. 11 – Mean number of beacons for unit of loading for different num‑
ABD2D
DBD2D-BM
2.5
DBD2D
5.5
2
100
700
250
400
550
Number of OUs
ber of OUs
3.5
700
ABD2D
DBD2D-BM
2.5
DBD2D
DBCA+HCA
2 3 600 ABD2D-BM
MPCC
500
30 45 60 75 90
Number of HUs 400
Fig. 9 – Mean number of beacons for unit of loading for different number Mean Offloading
of HUs 300
Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show the performance of the proposed 200
procedures and benchmark schemes against a varying
number of HUs. Plots indicate that increasing number 100
of HUs triggers better of loading except for MPCC and
ABD2D‑BM since they reach the limit of loading for num‑ 0 100 250 400 550 700
ber of existing OUs. In addition, increase in the of loading Number of OUs
amount for ABD2D, DBD2D and DBD2D‑BM overcomes
the increase in the number of beacons. Fig. 12 – Mean of loading for different number Of OUs
OUs. This is because each OU increases the data volume of
the model network and data demand. For advertisement‑
Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 show the average number of bea‑ based schemes, this increase overcomes the messaging
con messages transmitted per of loaded content for the overhead. ABD2D performs almost identically to bench‑
varying number of OUs. It is seen that all of the schemes mark DBCA+HCA. This is because only the CHs are desig‑
provide better of loading with the increasing number of

© International Telecommunication Union, 2021 29