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Unleashing the potential of the Internet of Things 5

URI Uniform Resource Identifier

URL Uniform Resource Locator
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network

xDSL Various types of Digital Subscriber Lines

5 Conventions

In this Recommendation:
The keywords "is required to" indicate a requirement which must be strictly followed and from
which no deviation is permitted, if conformance to this Recommendation is to be claimed.
The keywords "is prohibited from" indicate a requirement which must be strictly followed and from
which no deviation is permitted, if conformance to this Recommendation is to be claimed.
The keywords "is recommended" indicate a requirement which is recommended but which is not
absolutely required. Thus, this requirement need not be present to claim conformance.
The keywords "is not recommended" indicate a requirement which is not recommended but which
is not specifically prohibited. Thus, conformance with this Recommendation can still be claimed
even if this requirement is present.
The keywords "can optionally" indicate an optional requirement which is permissible, without
implying any sense of being recommended. This term is not intended to imply that the vendor's
implementation must provide the option, and the feature can be optionally enabled by the network
operator/service provider. Rather, it means the vendor may optionally provide the feature and still
claim conformance with this Recommendation.

6 Ubiquitous networking in NGNs

6.1 Overview of ubiquitous networking
The term "ubiquitous networking" as defined in clause 3.1.3 is used for networking capabilities to
support various classes of applications and services which require the "Any services, any time, any
where and any objects" operation using NGN-enabled capabilities. This networking capability
should support person-to-person, person-to-object (e.g., device and/or machine), and object-to-
object communications.
For object-to-object communication, an object delivers information (e.g., sensor-related
information) to another object, with or without the involvement of persons.

Figure 1 shows a general network configuration for ubiquitous networking. Objects around us are
connected to the network and communicate through the establishment of end-to-end connectivity
between them. Objects which are not moving are called fixed objects. Objects which move from
one place to another are called mobile objects. Logical objects (e.g., contents in a server, resources,
etc.) are considered as entities to be connected. These objects are connected to an NGN via wired or
wireless interfaces in a fixed environment (e.g., home, building, etc.) or mobile environment
(e.g., vehicle). In particular, some physical objects (i.e., fixed objects and/or mobile objects) are
connected as logical objects through their virtual representation to be identifiable. A gateway can be
used as an intermediate node between object(s) and a network. Depending on communication
environment, a home network can reside in the position of gateway.

Rec. ITU-T Y.4404/Y.2062 (03/2012) 559