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Figure 60 – CALM Architecture and SAPs of Networks Part

B Dedicated Short‐Range Communications (DSRC) provides communications between the
vehicle and the roadside in specific locations (for example toll plazas). Applications such as
Electronic Fee Collection (EFC) will operate over DSRC. The following figure shows the interaction of
DSRC and CALM.

Figure 61 – ISO TC204 WG16 CALM M5 Architecture

C Wireless multiservice payment system for vehicles:
Toll payment collection on highways is one of the applications of Intelligent Transport System (ITS)
Technology. At the beginning of the 1990s, the Electronic Fee Collection (EFC) tele‐toll systems were
introduced in Europe by various highway operators. These systems are currently generalized all over

302 ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications