Page 145 - Trust in ICT 2017

Trust in ICT 2

– (Microblogging) If someone wants to publish stories or ideas, others can recommend the related
stories and give a view of their favourites.
– (Like) Users can click the "like" button with a comment. Some symbols like a heart and bubble can
be posted on photos and messages.
– (Direct message) A direct message can be sent to an anonymous person for advice or just for a chat.
It allows people to anonymously share secrets.
Web technologies for social media

Many people recognize that web technology is a web page by using the web browser. A web browser displays
a web page on a monitor or mobile device. With graphic user interface, the web page is what is displayed,
usually written in HTML or comparable markup language. Web browsers coordinate the various web
resource elements for the web page such as style sheets, scripts, and images [33]. Typical web pages
provide hypertexts which include the navigation menu to other web pages via hyperlinks. A web browser can
retrieve a web page from a remote web server. The web browser uses the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
to make requests to the web server. The web server may restrict access to only a corporate network. A static
web page is delivered exactly as stored in the web servers, while a dynamic web page is generated by a web
application that is driven by server-side software or client-side scripting. Today, web pages are becoming
more dynamic as in many popular forums, online shopping, and even on Wikipedia. A dynamic web page is
created at the server side when it is requested and served to the end users. These types of web pages typically
do not have a permanent link, or a static URL, associated with them. The design of a web page is personal
according to one's own preferences. Many people edit the contents of a web page by using web templates.
They rely on web hosting services for a quick and easy creation of a web page.
A web document is similar in concept to a web page, but a web document has its own uniform resource
identifiers (URIs). It should be noted that a web document is not the same as a file. A single web document
can be available in many different formats and languages. A single file, for example a hypertext preprocessor
(PHP) script, may be responsible for generating a large number of web documents with different URIs. A web
document is defined as HTML, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), or resource description framework
(RDF) in response to HTTP requests. As for the resources identified by URI, the user gets a readable
representation of the web, in which the resources are not only web documents, but also real world objects
such as cars, buildings, sensors, and non-existing things.
There are various definitions of the web: web service, web applications, web page, web protocol, web
operating systems, and web data, etc. First, W3C defines a web service as a software system designed to
support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. Technically, a web service describes
a standardized way of integrating the web-based applications using the XML, simple object access protocol
(SOAP), web service definition language (WSDL) and universal description, discovery and integration (UDDI)
open standards, which is defined as [34]:
– A web service has an interface described in a machine-processable format (specifically WSDL). Other
systems interact with the web service prescribed by its description using SOAP messages, typically
conveyed using HTTP with an XML serialization in conjunction with other web-related standards.
• Social graph for knowledge representation

The social graph is a graph that depicts personal relations of users. In the relational representation of social
networking services, the social graph has been referred to as "the global mapping of everybody and how
they're related." [35] The graphic model of knowledge has structured the relationships with lines connecting
objects to indicate knowledge. To solve problems of very complex systems, social graphs are used to find
rules and relations of sets and subsets of problems. Various kinds of reasoning from individual views or
opinions automate their logics into a graphical form. Knowledge representation by using social graph
incorporates the findings about how humans solve problems and represent knowledge that will make
complex systems easier to design and build. In a graphic form, knowledge representation goes hand in hand
with automated reasoning because representing knowledge explicitly by graphic form is to be able to reason
about that knowledge, to make inferences, and assert new knowledge, etc. All knowledge representation
methods like social graphs have a reasoning or inference engine.

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