Page 7 - U4SSC Blockchain for smart sustainable cities

CONTENTS

Foreword .........................................................................................................................................................................ii
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................................ii

Disclaimer ...................................................................................................................................................................... iii

List of figures and tables .................................................................................................................................................v
1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................1

2. Unfolding blockchain technology .............................................................................................................................4

3. Blockchain for smart and sustainable cities and communities .............................................................................15
4. Blockchain for cities: use-cases ..............................................................................................................................26

5. Blockchain for smart sustainable cities: cross-case analysis and framework proposal ........................................56

6. Conclusion and key considerations for blockchain for cities .................................................................................76
Appendix 1: Glossary ....................................................................................................................................................82

Appendix 2: B4C use-cases analysis .............................................................................................................................86

List of figures and tables

Figures

Figure 1: Simplified data structure .................................................................................................................................5
Figure 2: The process used to validate transactions in a blockchain .............................................................................7
Figure 3: Blockchain architecture options and differences ..........................................................................................11
Figure 4: Categories of smart cities initiatives .............................................................................................................19
Figure 5: Smart sustainable city and community framework (UNU-EGOV) ................................................................25
Figure 6: Smart cities dimensions of the debt relief initiative in The Hague ...............................................................32
Figure 7: Smart cities dimensions of the DECODE Claim Verification 18+ ...................................................................36
Figure 8: Smart cities dimensions of the DECODE .......................................................................................................39
Figure 9: Smart cities dimension energy system in South Holland ..............................................................................43
Figure 10: Smart cities dimension for the Moscow fair ...............................................................................................45
Figure 11: Smart City dimension of Active Citizen .......................................................................................................47
Figure 12: A land registry for Georgia ..........................................................................................................................50
Figure 13: Transparency in building applications for cell towers .................................................................................54
Figure 14: 4S Framework of blockchain for cities ........................................................................................................56
Figure 15: Blockchain for cities support to the SDGs ...................................................................................................64

U4SSC: Blockchain for smart sustainable cities v