Page 90 - ITU Journal, ICT Discoveries, Volume 3, No. 1, June 2020 Special issue: The future of video and immersive media

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„‡ „‡‡ˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ –‘ ’‡”ˆ‘” ƒ—–‘ƒ–‡† ƒ ”‘•• ˜‹†‡‘ െͳ െʹ െͳ
‘–‡– ‘ˆ ˜ƒ”›‹‰ „‹– †‡’–Šǡ ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ™Š‡ǡ ƒ• ‹ ȏͳͲȐǡȏͳͳȐǡ ݄ ሾݔǡ ݕሿ ൌݏ ሾݔǡ ݕሿ כ൥െʹ ͳʹ െʹ൩ ȋͷ͹Ȍ

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ୱ ೔
’ƒ”– ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘—” ‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ‹• ‘– ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ‹ Š‹‰ŠǦ„‹–Ǧ െͳ െʹ െͳ
†‡’–Š ȋƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– ͳͲ „‹–• ’‡” •ƒ’Ž‡Ȍ ˆ‘”ƒ–Ǥ Š‡ ƒ† ‹ ȏͳ͹Ȑǡ ƒ • ƒŽ‡† ˜‡”•‹‘ –Š‡”‡‘ˆ ȋ—Ž–‹’Ž‹‡† „› ΥȌ ǡ

ͳ
‡ƒ•—”‡ ™ƒ• †‡•‹‰‡† •‘ ƒ• –‘ Dzˆƒ˜‘”dz Š‹‰Š „‹– †‡’–Š• ƒ •‹’Ž‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š ™‘—Ž† „‡ –‘ —’•ƒ’Ž‡ ܪ „› ƒ ˆƒ –‘”
ୱ
‘˜‡” Ž‘™‡” ‘‡• „› ”‡–—”‹‰ •‘‡™Šƒ– Š‹‰Š‡” ‘—–’—– ‘ˆ –™‘ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ –‘ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ ‹–• •‹œ‡ ˆ”‘ ͵έ͵ –‘ ͸έ͸ ‘” ͹έ͹Ǥ

˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ ‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ ‹†‡–‹ ƒŽ ‹’—– •‹‰ƒŽ•ǡ ƒ••—‹‰ Š‹•ǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ™‘—Ž† •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ ‘’—Ǧ
–Šƒ– ͳͲ ‘” ͳʹǦ„‹– ’Žƒ›„ƒ  ™‘—Ž† ‡šŠ‹„‹– •Ž‹‰Š–Ž› Š‹‰Š‡” –ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘’Ž‡š‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ܽො Ǥ
௞
“—ƒŽ‹–› –Šƒ ͺǦ„‹– ’Žƒ›„ƒ Ǥ Š‹• ™ƒ• †‘‡ „› †‡ˆ‹‹‰

Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ƒ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š ‹• ’—”•—‡† ‹ ™Š‹ Š
ܽො ‹• †‡–‡”‹‡† ˆ”‘ ƒ Ͷέ ȋʹέ Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽǡ ʹέ ˜‡”–‹ ƒŽȌ

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ܽ ୮୧ୡ ൌʹ ஻஽ ή ට ଷ଼ସ଴ήଶଵ଺଴ ǡ ȋͷͷȌ †‘™•ƒ’Ž‡† ˜‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ ˆ”ƒ‡ •‡“—‡ ‡ ݏ ௜ିଶ ǡ ݏ ௜ିଵ ǡ ݏ ௜
ௐήு
™Š‡ –Š‡ ‹ƒ‰‡ ‘” ˜‹†‡‘ ‹• Žƒ”‰‡” –Šƒǡ •ƒ›ǡ ʹͲͶͺέͳʹͺͲ

‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ †‡’‡†‡– ‘ „‡ˆ‘”‡ ‡š’‘‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ „›ߚ ‹ ȋͻȌǤ Ž—ƒ •ƒ’Ž‡• ȋ•‘‡–Š‹‰ „‡–™‡‡ ƒ† ȌǤ Š—•ǡ
š’‡”‹‡–• ‘†— –‡† „› –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‘”• ƒˆ–‡” •–—†› ȏͳͺȐǡ ‘Ž› ƒ •‹‰Ž‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ ݄ ሾݔǡ ݕሿ ƒ†ǡ ˆ‘” ˜‹†‡‘•ǡ ݄ ሾݔǡ ݕሿ
୲ ೔
ୱ ೔
Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ •—‰‰‡•– –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‰ƒ‹ ‹ ˜‹•—ƒŽ “—ƒŽ‹–› †—‡ –‘ ‹• ‘’—–‡† ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š ʹέʹ “—ƒ†”—’Ž‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‹š‡Ž• ‘ˆ ݏ Ǥ
௜
„‹– †‡’–Š• Š‹‰Š‡” –Šƒ ͺ „‹–• ’‡” •ƒ’Ž‡ ‹• — Š Ž‘™‡”
–Šƒ –Š‡ ‰ƒ‹ ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡† „› –Š‡ ‡–”‹ Ǥ ‡ ‡ǡ – ‹• ™‘”–Š ‡–‹‘‹‰ ‹ –Š‹• ”‡•’‡ – –Šƒ– –Š‡ †‘™Ǧ

–Š‡ ‘””‡Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ™‹–Š †ƒ–ƒ ‘ ƒ‘–ƒ–‡† •ƒ’Ž‹‰ ƒ† Š‹‰Š’ƒ•• ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘• ƒ „‡ —‹ˆ‹‡† ‹–‘
†ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡• ‘ˆ ‹š‡†Ǧ„‹–Ǧ†‡’–Š ˜‹†‡‘ ‘–‡– ‹• ”‡†— ‡† ƒ •‹‰Ž‡ ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ •–‡’ „› †‡•‹‰‹‰ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š’ƒ•• ˆ‹ŽǦ
„› ƒ —†‡•‹”ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ† —‡ ‡••ƒ”› ƒ‘—–Ǥ –‡”• ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ –Š‡”‡„› ”‡•—Ž–‹‰ ‹ ‹‹— ‘Ǧ
’—–ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘˜‡”Š‡ƒ†Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ˆ‹Ž–‡” ™ƒ• †‡˜‹•‡†ǣ

 ‘”†‡” –‘ ƒ††”‡•• –Š‹• ‹••—‡ǡ ƒ ‘†‹ˆ‹‡† †‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ
Ͳ
Ͳ
ͳ
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–Š‡ ܽ ୮୧ୡ ‘•–ƒ– —•‡† ‹ ȏͳ͹ȐȂȏͳͻȐ ‹• •—‰‰‡•–‡†Ǥ ‹˜‡ ۍ െͳ െ െʹ െ െ͵ െͳ െͳ െͳ ې

െ͵
െʹ
–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡ –‘ –Š‡ ˜‹•—ƒŽ ƒ –‹˜‹–› ܽ †‡• ”‹„‡† ‹ ‡ Ǥ ͵ǡ ێ െͳ െ͵ ͳʹ ͳʹ െ͵ െͳ ۑ
௞
ෘ ሾݔǡ ݕሿ ൌݏ ௜ ሾݔǡ ݕሿ כ ێ ۑǡ ȋͷͺȌ
݄ ୱ ೔ െͳ െ͵ ͳʹ ͳʹ െ͵ െͳ
ێ ۑ
ܽො ୮୧ୡ ൌʹ ஻஽Ȁఉିଽ ή ට ଷ଼ସ଴ήଶଵ଺଴ ȋͷ͸Ȍ ێെͳ െʹ െ͵ െ͵ െʹ െͳۑ
Ͳ ے
െ
ͳ
െ
ͳ
െͳ
ۏ Ͳ
െͳ
ௐήு
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‹• ’”‘’‘•‡† –‘ ”‡†‡” –Š‡ ˜‹•—ƒŽ •‡•‹–‹˜‹–› ™‡‹‰Š– ݓෝ ௞ ݄ ሾݔǡ ݕሿ ൌݏƼ ሾݔǡ ݕሿ െݏƼ ௜ିଵ ሾݔǡ ݕሿ ‘” ȋͷͻȌ
௜
୲ ೔
‹†‡’‡†‡– ‘ˆ ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ ‡š’‘‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ „› ߚ ‹ ȋͿȌ ݏƼ ሾݔǡ ݕሿ െʹݏƼ ௜ିଵ ሾݔǡ ݕሿ ൅ݏƼ ௜ିଶ ሾݔǡ ݕሿǡ
௜
ƒ†ǡ ƒ– –Š‡ •ƒ‡ –‹‡ǡ ‘’‡•ƒ–‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘†‹ˆ‹‡† ܽො Ǥ ™Š‡”‡ ƒ ‡– Ƽ †‡‘–‡• –Š‡ †‘™•ƒ’Ž‹‰ ’”‘ ‡•• ƒ†
௞
͸Ǥ Ǧ ݏƼ ሾݔǡ ݕሿ ൌݏ ሾݔǡ ݕሿ Ϊ ݏ ሾݔΪͳǡ ›Ȑ Ϊ ݏ ሾݔǡ › ΪͳȐ Ϊ ݏ ሾݔΪͳǡ › ΪͳȐǤ
– ™ƒ• ‘–‡† –Šƒ– ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž› ˆ‘” ‹ƒ‰‡ ƒ† ˜‹†‡‘ ௜ ௜ ௜ ௜ ௜
ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǡ –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ ƒ••‡••‡–• ‘ˆ ȏͳ͵ȐȂȏͳͷȐ ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ›ǡ Š‹‰Š‡” †‘™•ƒ’Ž‹‰ ˆƒ –‘”• Ž‹‡ ͳ͸έ ‘—Ž†
‘” ȏͳ͹ȐǡȏͳͻȐ •–‹ŽŽ ‘””‡Žƒ–‡ “—‹–‡ ’‘‘”Ž› ™‹–Š •—„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ „‡ —•‡† ˆ‘” ˜‡”› Š‹‰Š ”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘• •— Š ƒ• ͺͳͻʹέͶ͵ʹͲ
Œ—†‰‡–• ‘ˆ ˜‹•—ƒŽ ‘†‹‰ “—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ  ˆƒ –ǡ ‘ –Š‹• ‹† ȋͺ Ȍǡ „—– ƒ• ™‹–Š ˜‡”› Š‹‰Š ˆ”ƒ‡ ”ƒ–‡• ‹ ‡ Ǥ ͵ǡ •— Š ƒ

‘ˆ ‘–‡– –Š‡ ™ƒ• ˆ‘—† –‘ ’‡”ˆ‘” ‘Ž› ƒ”Ǧ ‘ˆ‹‰—”ƒ–‹‘ ‘—Ž† ‘– „‡ •–—†‹‡† ‹–‡•‹˜‡Ž› †—‡ –‘ ƒ
‰‹ƒŽŽ› „‡––‡” –Šƒ –Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘ƒŽ ‡–”‹ Ǥ ‡ Žƒ  ‘ˆ ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰Ž› ”‡ ‘”†‡† ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽǤ

’‘••‹„Ž‡ ‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ ‹• –Šƒ–ǡ ‘ ‘•—‡” †‡˜‹ ‡• Ž‹‡ › ™ƒ› ‘ˆ ݏƼ ሾݔǡ ݕሿǡ –Š‡ •’ƒ–‹‘Ǧ–‡’‘”ƒŽ Š‹‰Š’ƒ•• ˜ƒŽ—‡•
௜
• ‘” Žƒ’–‘’•ǡ •–‹—Ž‹ ƒ”‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ› „‡‹‰ ˜‹‡™‡† ”‡“—‹”‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ܽො ‡‡† –‘ „‡ ‘„–ƒ‹‡†
௞
‘ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ • ”‡‡ ƒ”‡ƒǡ ƒ† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ˜‹‡™‹‰ ‘Ž› ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡˜‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡• ‘ˆ š ƒ† ›ǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥǡ ˆ‘” ‡˜‡”› ˆ‘—”–Š

†‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ ƒ• •–‹—Ž‹ ™‹–Š ƒ– ‘•– ͳͻʹͲέͳͲͺͲ Ž—ƒ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆ •Ǥ Š‹• ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” „‡‡ˆ‹– ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‘™•ƒ’Ž‡†

•ƒ’Ž‡• ‡˜‡ –Š‘—‰Šǡ †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ˆ‹š‡† ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ƒ‰—Žƒ” Š‹‰Š’ƒ•• ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ”‡•—Ž–‹‰ ‹ ƒ ’‡”Ǧ’‹š‡Ž ˆ‹Ž–‡”
”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š—ƒ ‡›‡ ‘ˆ ƒ„‘—– ͸Ͳ ’‹š‡Ž• ’‡” †‡‰Ǧ ‘’Ž‡š‹–› •‹‹Žƒ” –‘ –Šƒ– ˆ‘” ‹’—–ǡ ‹• ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡† ‹
”‡‡ǡ •— Š ƒ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‹• †‹• ‘—”ƒ‰‡† ȏʹͺȐǤ • ‹‰Ǥ ͵ ˆ‘” ƒ ‡š‡’Žƒ”› ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ƒƒŽ›•‹• „Ž‘ 

ƒ ”‡•—Ž–ǡ •ƒ’Ž‡• ‘ˆ ƒ ‹ƒ‰‡ ƒ”‡ „‡‹‰ †‹•’Žƒ›‡† ‘ˆ ͳʹέͳʹ •ƒ’Ž‡• ȋܤ ™‹–Š αͳʹȌǤ –Š‡” –Šƒ ”‡•–”‹ Ǧ

௞
•ƒŽŽ‡” –Šƒ –Š‘•‡ ‘ˆ ȋ—’• ƒŽ‡†Ȍ ‹ƒ‰‡•ǡ ƒ ˆƒ – –Šƒ– –‹‰ š ƒ† › –‘ „‡ ‹ ”‡‡–‡† ‘Ž› ‹ •–‡’• ‘ˆ –™‘ ‹
•Š‘—Ž† „‡ –ƒ‡ ‹–‘ ƒ ‘—– †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‘™•ƒ’Ž‹‰ ƒ•‡ǡ –Š‡ ‘’—–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ܽො ȋ‘” ܽ Ȍǡ
௞
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–Š‡ ˜‹•—ƒŽ ƒ –‹˜‹–› ‹ –Š‡ ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Š ‘ˆ ‡ Ǥ ͵Ǥ ƒ• ‹ ‡ Ǥ ͵ǡ ƒ •–ƒ› — Šƒ‰‡†ǡ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ –Š‡ †‹˜‹•‹‘
ෘ
ෘ
ଶ
Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽ •‘Ž—–‹‘ Š‡”‡ ‹• –‘ ‡š–‡† –Š‡ •’ƒ–‹ƒŽ •—’’‘”– „› Ͷܰ ‹ ȋ;Ȍ ™Š‹ Š ‹• ‘’‡•ƒ–‡† ˆ‘” „› ݄ ƒ† ݄ Ǥ
ୱ ೔
୲ ೔
‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‹‰Š’ƒ•• ˆ‹Ž–‡” ܪ •‘ –Šƒ– ‹– ‡š–‡†• ƒ ”‘•• ‘”‡ – —•– „‡ ‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ †‘™•ƒ’Ž‹‰ ‘ˆ ݏ ௜ ‹•
ୱ
‡‹‰Š„‘”‹‰ •ƒ’Ž‡• ‘ˆ •ȏšǡ›ȐǤ ‹ ‡ ‹ȏͳͶȐǡ –Š‡ ˆ‹Ž–‡” ‹•

‘Ž› †‘‡ ‹’Ž‹ ‹–Ž› †—”‹‰ –Š‡ †‡”‹˜ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ „Ž‘ Ǧ
™‹•‡ ܽො ȋ‘” ܽ ˆ‘” •–‹ŽŽǦ‹ƒ‰‡ •‹‰ƒŽ•ȌǤ Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡•

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ͳ ‹˜‹•‹‘• „› ’‘™‡”• ‘ˆ ʹ ƒ „‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–‡† ˜‹ƒ ”‹‰Š–Ǧ•Š‹ˆ–•Ǥ ƒ ——Žƒ–‡† „› –Š‡ ‡–Š‘†• ‹ ȋ͹Ȍǡ ȋͽȌǡ ‘” ȋͷͶȌ
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